CVE-2025-56311 is a security vulnerability identified in the web management interface of the Shenzhen C-Data Technology Co. FD602GW-DX-R410 router, specifically in firmware version 2.2.14. The vulnerability is an authenticated Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) issue affecting the reboot endpoint (/boaform/admin/formReboot). CSRF vulnerabilities occur when a web application does not adequately verify that requests to sensitive functions originate from legitimate users. In this case, an attacker can craft a malicious webpage that, when visited by an authenticated administrator of the router, triggers an unintended reboot of the device without explicit user consent. This vulnerability requires the attacker to lure an authenticated administrator to visit the malicious page, leveraging their active session to execute the reboot command. The lack of CSRF protection on this critical administrative function means that the router can be forced to reboot repeatedly or at inopportune times, causing denial of service (DoS) by disrupting network availability. While the vulnerability does not allow direct remote code execution or data exfiltration, the forced reboot can interrupt network connectivity, affecting all devices relying on the router. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication. The vulnerability is limited to authenticated users, meaning an attacker must first compromise or trick an administrator into visiting the malicious page. This vulnerability highlights the importance of implementing CSRF tokens or other anti-CSRF mechanisms on sensitive administrative endpoints in embedded device web interfaces.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to network availability and operational continuity. Organizations using the affected Shenzhen C-Data FD602GW-DX-R410 routers could experience repeated or unexpected network outages if an attacker successfully exploits this vulnerability. This can disrupt business operations, especially for enterprises relying on continuous internet connectivity or internal network services. Critical infrastructure sectors, such as telecommunications providers, utilities, or financial institutions using these routers, may face increased operational risk. Although the attack requires an authenticated administrator to be tricked into visiting a malicious webpage, social engineering or phishing campaigns targeting network administrators could facilitate exploitation. The resulting denial of service could also impact remote work capabilities, cloud service access, and internal communications. While the vulnerability does not directly compromise data confidentiality or integrity, the availability impact can have cascading effects on organizational productivity and incident response capabilities.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should: 1) Immediately restrict administrative access to the router's web interface by implementing network segmentation and limiting access to trusted management networks or VPNs. 2) Educate network administrators about the risks of phishing and social engineering attacks that could lead to visiting malicious webpages while authenticated. 3) Monitor and log administrative access to detect unusual activity or repeated reboots. 4) Apply firmware updates or patches from Shenzhen C-Data Technology as soon as they become available; if no patch exists, contact the vendor for guidance or consider replacing affected devices. 5) Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for router administration to reduce the risk of compromised credentials. 6) Use web application firewalls or intrusion prevention systems to detect and block CSRF attack patterns targeting the router's management interface. 7) Consider disabling the web management interface if alternative management methods (e.g., SSH, SNMP) are available and secure. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, user awareness, and proactive monitoring tailored to the specific nature of the vulnerability.