CVE-2025-56311 identifies a security vulnerability in the FD602GW-DX-R410 router by Shenzhen C-Data Technology Co., specifically in firmware version 2.2.14. The issue is an authenticated Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability affecting the router's web management interface reboot endpoint (/boaform/admin/formReboot). CSRF vulnerabilities occur when a web application does not verify that requests to sensitive functions originate from legitimate sources, allowing attackers to trick authenticated users into executing unwanted actions. In this case, an attacker crafts a malicious webpage that, when visited by an authenticated administrator, triggers the router to reboot without explicit consent. This forced reboot can cause temporary denial of service by disrupting network connectivity. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have the administrator logged into the router's management interface and to entice them to visit the malicious page, making social engineering a component of the attack vector. The CVSS v3.1 score of 6.5 reflects a medium severity, considering the network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no user interaction beyond visiting the malicious page. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-352 (Cross-Site Request Forgery). No patches or known exploits have been reported at the time of publication, indicating that organizations should proactively assess and mitigate this risk. The lack of CSRF tokens or other anti-CSRF mechanisms on the reboot endpoint is the root cause. This vulnerability primarily impacts network availability and could be leveraged to disrupt business operations reliant on continuous network uptime.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk of network disruption through forced router reboots, potentially causing temporary denial of service. Organizations relying on Shenzhen C-Data FD602GW-DX-R410 routers in critical infrastructure, enterprise networks, or service provider environments could experience interruptions in connectivity, impacting business continuity and operational efficiency. The requirement for authenticated access limits the attack surface to insiders or attackers who have compromised administrator credentials or can socially engineer administrators into visiting malicious sites. However, the ease of exploitation via a simple webpage visit increases the risk of successful attacks once credentials are compromised. Disruptions could affect sensitive sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and government services, where network availability is crucial. Additionally, repeated forced reboots could degrade hardware reliability over time. The vulnerability does not directly compromise confidentiality or integrity but impacts availability, which is a critical component of cybersecurity for operational technology and enterprise networks.

To mitigate CVE-2025-56311, organizations should first verify if they use the affected FD602GW-DX-R410 routers with firmware version 2.2.14. If so, they should contact Shenzhen C-Data Technology Co. for firmware updates or patches that implement proper CSRF protections such as anti-CSRF tokens on sensitive endpoints. In the absence of official patches, network administrators should restrict access to the router's web management interface by limiting it to trusted IP addresses or VPN-only access to reduce exposure. Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for administrative access can reduce the risk of credential compromise. Administrators should be trained to avoid visiting untrusted websites while logged into router management interfaces to prevent social engineering exploitation. Monitoring router logs for unexpected reboots and unusual administrative activity can help detect exploitation attempts. Network segmentation can isolate critical routers from general user networks to limit attack vectors. Finally, organizations should maintain an inventory of network devices to quickly identify and remediate vulnerable equipment.