VulnerabilityPublished 30 Dec 2025Updated 2 Jan 2026

CVE-2025-56332: pangolin · Insecure Default

Affects pangolinSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 9.1 Critical.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:15 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

9.1Critical

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 37% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 30 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubfosrl/pangolin`pkg:github/fosrl/pangolin`Other threats	Affected <=1.6.2	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

Since no patches are currently available, European organizations should immediately audit all fosrl/pangolin deployments to identify insecure default configurations. Change default credentials and enforce strong authentication mechanisms where possible. Restrict network access to Pangolin interfaces using firewalls and VPNs, limiting exposure to trusted internal networks only. Implement network segmentation to isolate Pangolin systems from critical infrastructure and sensitive data stores. Enable detailed logging and monitoring to detect unauthorized access attempts promptly. Conduct regular configuration reviews and vulnerability assessments to ensure compliance with security best practices. Engage with the vendor or community for updates and potential patches. Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) or intrusion prevention systems (IPS) to detect and block exploitation attempts. Educate IT staff on the risks and signs of exploitation to enhance incident response readiness.

Description

Authentication Bypass in fosrl/pangolin v1.6.2 and before allows attackers to access Pangolin resource via Insecure Default Configuration

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a serious risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data and critical resources managed by fosrl/pangolin. Confidentiality and integrity of information can be compromised, potentially leading to data breaches, intellectual property theft, or unauthorized system modifications. The absence of availability impact means systems remain operational but potentially under attacker control. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that rely on Pangolin for resource management are particularly vulnerable. Exploitation could facilitate lateral movement within networks, escalating the threat to broader organizational assets. The ease of exploitation without authentication increases the likelihood of attacks, especially in environments with internet-facing Pangolin instances. This could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to data exposure, financial losses, reputational damage, and operational disruptions.

CWE-1188Initialization of a Resource with an Insecure Default (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product initializes or sets a resource with a default that is intended to be changed by the product's installer, administrator, or maintainer, but the default is not secure.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Forgot Password (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V2.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V2.6.2 (opens in a new tab)
V2.7.6 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 7 Jan 2026, 00:08 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-1188

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats