CVE-2025-5639 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Notice Board System, specifically within the /forgot-password.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'email' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database. This can lead to unauthorized data disclosure, modification, or deletion, depending on the database privileges. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low complexity, and no privileges or user interaction needed. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low individually but combined can lead to significant compromise of the affected system. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, and no patches have been published yet. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is a niche web-based notice board system developed by PHPGurukul, typically used for internal communications in organizations or educational institutions.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Notice Board System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized database access, potentially exposing sensitive internal communications or user credentials. The SQL Injection could allow attackers to extract confidential information, alter notice board content, or disrupt availability by deleting or corrupting data. Given the system's typical use in educational or small organizational contexts, the impact may be more pronounced in institutions relying heavily on this software for internal announcements. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of automated scanning and exploitation attempts. While the overall market penetration of this specific product in Europe is likely limited, organizations that have deployed it without timely updates or mitigations are vulnerable. The lack of a patch and public exploit availability means organizations must proactively mitigate the risk to prevent potential data breaches or service disruptions.

1. Immediate mitigation should include implementing web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the /forgot-password.php endpoint, especially filtering suspicious 'email' parameter inputs. 2. Organizations should audit their PHPGurukul Notice Board System installations to confirm the version in use; if version 1.0 is deployed, consider disabling the forgot-password functionality temporarily until a patch is available. 3. Employ input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to prevent SQL injection; if source code access is available, developers should remediate the vulnerable code promptly. 4. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated failed password reset attempts that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of a successful injection. 6. If feasible, isolate the affected system within the network and limit external access to reduce exposure. 7. Stay updated with vendor advisories for patches or official fixes and apply them immediately once released.