CVE-2025-5654 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul Complaint Management System, specifically within the /admin/edit-state.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'description' argument, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can be performed remotely without requiring user interaction or authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the underlying database by potentially allowing unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion. Although the CVSS score is rated medium (5.3), the exploitability is relatively straightforward due to low attack complexity and no need for user interaction. The vulnerability affects administrative functionality, which typically has elevated privileges, increasing the risk of significant impact if exploited. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, and no patches or mitigations have been officially released by the vendor at the time of publication. The vulnerability was publicly disclosed on June 5, 2025, and the exploit code has been made available, increasing the likelihood of exploitation attempts in the near future.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the security of complaint data, which may include sensitive personal information subject to GDPR regulations. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of confidential data, data tampering, or disruption of complaint management processes, undermining organizational trust and compliance. The administrative nature of the affected functionality means attackers could potentially escalate privileges or manipulate system states, causing broader operational impacts. Given the medium CVSS score but critical nature of SQL injection vulnerabilities in administrative modules, organizations face risks including regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and operational downtime. The remote and unauthenticated attack vector further increases exposure, especially for publicly accessible complaint management portals.

European organizations should immediately audit their use of PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0 and restrict access to the /admin/edit-state.php endpoint through network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN access. Implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'description' parameter. Conduct thorough input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially in administrative interfaces. Until an official patch is released, consider disabling or limiting the functionality of the affected module if feasible. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious database queries or anomalous activity related to complaint management. Additionally, organizations should prepare incident response plans specific to SQL injection attacks and ensure backups of complaint data are maintained securely to enable recovery from potential data corruption or loss.