CVE-2025-5657 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul Complaint Management System, specifically within the /admin/manage-users.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'uid' parameter, which is used in SQL queries to manage user data. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to or modification of the backend database. This could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data corruption, or even full system compromise depending on the database privileges and the application's architecture. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or authentication, making it remotely exploitable over the network. Although the CVSS v4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), the critical rating mentioned in the description likely reflects the potential impact if exploited in certain contexts. The vulnerability affects only version 2.0 of the product, and no official patches or mitigations have been published yet. No known exploits are reported in the wild at this time, but public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of complaint and user data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive personal information, which may include customer complaints, user identities, and possibly other linked data. This can result in data breaches with regulatory consequences under GDPR, including heavy fines and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could manipulate or delete complaint records, undermining trust in the complaint management process and potentially disrupting business operations. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of automated attacks, especially if the system is exposed to the internet. Given the critical role complaint management systems play in customer service and compliance, exploitation could also impact service availability and organizational responsiveness.

European organizations should immediately audit their use of PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0 and assess exposure of the /admin/manage-users.php endpoint. Specific mitigations include: 1) Implementing strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection in the 'uid' parameter. 2) Restricting access to the admin interface via network controls such as VPNs, IP whitelisting, or firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted users only. 3) Monitoring web server and application logs for unusual or suspicious requests targeting the 'uid' parameter. 4) Applying web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting this endpoint. 5) If possible, upgrading to a patched or newer version of the software once available. 6) Conducting a thorough security review of all input handling in the application to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. 7) Ensuring regular backups of complaint data to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.