CVE-2025-5659 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul Complaint Management System, specifically in the /user/profile.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'pincode' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious input manipulation. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, by injecting crafted SQL commands into the 'pincode' argument. This can lead to unauthorized access to the backend database, allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data stored within the complaint management system. Although the CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), the vulnerability's remote exploitability and potential to compromise data integrity and confidentiality make it a significant risk. The exploit has been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability does not require privileges or user interaction, which lowers the barrier for attackers. However, the impact on availability and scope is limited (low), as the vulnerability affects a specific parameter in a single application version. No official patches have been released yet, and no known exploits are currently observed in the wild. The PHPGurukul Complaint Management System is used to manage user complaints and related data, so compromising it could expose personal information and disrupt complaint handling processes.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data exposure and manipulation. Compromise of complaint data could lead to breaches of personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, attackers could alter complaint records, undermining trust and operational integrity. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of automated attacks targeting exposed systems. Disruption of complaint management workflows may affect customer service and regulatory compliance. Organizations in sectors such as public administration, consumer services, and utilities that rely on complaint management systems are particularly vulnerable. The medium CVSS score suggests moderate impact, but the critical classification by the vendor indicates potential for serious consequences if exploited at scale or combined with other vulnerabilities.

1. Immediate mitigation should include implementing input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) for the 'pincode' parameter to prevent SQL injection. 2. Conduct a thorough code review of the /user/profile.php file and other input points to identify and remediate similar injection flaws. 3. Restrict direct external access to the complaint management system where possible, using network segmentation and firewall rules. 4. Monitor web application logs for suspicious input patterns targeting the 'pincode' parameter. 5. Apply web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop official patches or updates. 7. Educate developers and administrators on secure coding practices and regular vulnerability assessments. 8. Implement strict access controls and database permissions to limit the impact of a potential injection attack. 9. Backup complaint data regularly to enable recovery in case of data tampering or loss.