CVE-2025-5674 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Patient Record Management System, specifically within the file urinalysis_form.php. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'urinalysis_id' parameter, which is susceptible to malicious input manipulation. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges, by injecting crafted SQL commands through the vulnerable parameter. This can lead to unauthorized access, modification, or deletion of sensitive patient data stored in the backend database. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, but no known exploits have been reported in the wild to date. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, indicating a medium severity level, reflecting the ease of remote exploitation but limited scope and impact due to partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The vulnerability does not require authentication, increasing its risk profile. The lack of a patch or mitigation guidance from the vendor at this time further elevates the risk for organizations using this system.

For European organizations, especially healthcare providers and institutions managing patient records, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive medical data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal health information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, potentially resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. Integrity compromise could affect patient care quality by altering diagnostic or treatment records. Availability impact is limited but could disrupt clinical workflows if database integrity is compromised. Given the critical nature of healthcare data and the reliance on electronic health record systems, exploitation could also undermine patient trust and safety. Organizations using this specific Patient Record Management System version 1.0 are at direct risk, and the absence of patches necessitates immediate risk mitigation.

1. Immediate mitigation should include implementing web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'urinalysis_id' parameter. 2. Conduct a thorough code review and apply input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to sanitize all user inputs, especially the 'urinalysis_id' parameter. 3. Isolate or segment the Patient Record Management System within the network to limit exposure to external threats. 4. Monitor logs for suspicious database query patterns indicative of injection attempts. 5. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. 6. Where possible, restrict access to the vulnerable functionality to authenticated and authorized users, even though the vulnerability does not require authentication, to reduce attack surface. 7. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving SQL injection attacks on healthcare systems. 8. Consider temporary disabling or restricting access to the urinalysis_form.php functionality if it is not critical until a patch is available.