The vulnerability identified as CVE-2025-57151 affects the phpgurukul Complaint Management System version 2.0. It is a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability located in the admin/userprofile.php component, specifically via the 'fullname' parameter. XSS vulnerabilities occur when an application includes untrusted data in a web page without proper validation or escaping, allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of a victim's browser. In this case, the 'fullname' parameter is not properly sanitized, enabling an attacker to craft a payload that, when viewed by an administrator or user with access to the affected page, could execute arbitrary JavaScript code. This could lead to session hijacking, defacement, redirection to malicious sites, or theft of sensitive information such as authentication tokens or cookies. The vulnerability is present in a complaint management system, which typically handles sensitive user data and internal communications, increasing the risk associated with exploitation. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild or available patches at the time of publication. The lack of a patch and public exploit suggests that the vulnerability may be newly disclosed or under analysis. However, the presence of an XSS vulnerability in an administrative interface is a significant security concern, especially if the system is accessible over the internet or within a corporate intranet where multiple users have access.

For European organizations using the phpgurukul Complaint Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a risk to the confidentiality and integrity of user and administrative data. Exploitation could allow attackers to impersonate legitimate users, steal session cookies, or perform unauthorized actions within the system. This could lead to unauthorized disclosure of complaint data, manipulation of complaint records, or disruption of complaint handling processes. Given that complaint management systems often contain personally identifiable information (PII) and sensitive internal communications, a successful attack could also result in regulatory compliance issues under GDPR, including potential fines and reputational damage. Moreover, if the system is integrated with other internal tools or databases, the XSS vulnerability could serve as a pivot point for further attacks within the organization's network. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for targeted attacks, especially from skilled threat actors who may develop exploits based on the disclosed vulnerability.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the 'fullname' parameter in admin/userprofile.php. Specifically, all user-supplied input should be sanitized to remove or encode HTML special characters before rendering in the browser. Employing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help reduce the impact of XSS by restricting the sources from which scripts can be loaded. Organizations should also monitor for updates or patches from phpgurukul and apply them promptly once available. In the interim, restricting access to the complaint management system's administrative interface to trusted networks or VPN users can reduce exposure. Additionally, security teams should conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on web application vulnerabilities. User training to recognize phishing attempts and suspicious activity can further reduce the risk of exploitation. Implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block XSS payloads may provide temporary protection until a patch is deployed.