CVE-2025-57326 is a Prototype Pollution vulnerability identified in the byGroupAndType function of the sassdoc-extras package, version 2.5.1 and earlier. Prototype Pollution is a type of security flaw that allows an attacker to manipulate the prototype of a base object in JavaScript, such as Object.prototype, by injecting or modifying properties. This can lead to unexpected behavior in applications that rely on these objects, potentially causing denial of service (DoS) or other security issues. In this specific case, an attacker can supply a crafted payload to the vulnerable function, which improperly handles input and allows the injection of properties into Object.prototype. The minimum consequence reported is a denial of service, which could manifest as application crashes, infinite loops, or corrupted data structures, disrupting normal operation. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no CVSS score has been assigned yet. The vulnerability affects versions up to 2.5.1 of sassdoc-extras, a package commonly used in JavaScript environments for enhancing documentation generation. Since the vulnerability involves prototype pollution, it can potentially affect any system that uses the vulnerable package in its build or runtime environment, especially if untrusted input is processed without proper sanitization. However, the lack of authentication or user interaction requirements is not explicitly stated, but the nature of prototype pollution often allows remote exploitation if the vulnerable function processes attacker-controlled data. No patches or fixes are currently linked, indicating that users should monitor for updates or apply temporary mitigations.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability depends largely on their use of sassdoc-extras in their development or deployment pipelines. Organizations relying on this package for documentation generation in web development projects could face service disruptions due to denial of service attacks exploiting this flaw. This could delay development cycles, affect continuous integration/continuous deployment (CI/CD) processes, or cause downtime in internal tools. While the direct impact on confidentiality or integrity is not indicated, denial of service can still cause significant operational and reputational damage, especially in sectors where uptime and reliability are critical, such as finance, healthcare, and government services. Furthermore, if the vulnerability is chained with other exploits, it could potentially lead to more severe consequences. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk, but proactive mitigation is advisable. Organizations with large JavaScript codebases or those that integrate third-party packages extensively should be particularly vigilant.

1. Immediate auditing of all projects and dependencies to identify usage of sassdoc-extras version 2.5.1 or earlier. 2. Where possible, upgrade to a fixed or patched version once available from the maintainers. In the absence of an official patch, consider temporarily removing or replacing sassdoc-extras with alternative tools that do not have this vulnerability. 3. Implement input validation and sanitization on any data passed to the byGroupAndType function or related code paths to prevent malicious payloads from reaching the vulnerable code. 4. Employ runtime protections such as JavaScript sandboxing or limiting prototype modifications through secure coding practices and tools that detect prototype pollution attempts. 5. Monitor application logs and behavior for anomalies indicative of prototype pollution or denial of service conditions. 6. Integrate dependency scanning tools in CI/CD pipelines to detect vulnerable package versions automatically. 7. Educate development teams about the risks of prototype pollution and secure handling of untrusted input in JavaScript applications.