CVE-2025-5779 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the code-projects Patient Record Management System, specifically within an unknown functionality of the /birthing.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the input parameters itr_no and comp_id, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands against the backend database without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, although no known exploits have been observed in the wild to date. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, indicating a medium severity level. The vector metrics specify that the attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and low impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L). The scope remains unchanged (S:U). This vulnerability could allow attackers to extract sensitive patient data, modify or delete records, or disrupt the availability of the patient record system, potentially impacting healthcare operations. Given the critical nature of patient data and the role of such systems in healthcare delivery, exploitation could have serious privacy and operational consequences.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using the affected Patient Record Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to patient data confidentiality and system integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive health information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, data manipulation or deletion could disrupt clinical workflows, affecting patient care quality and safety. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack increases the risk of widespread exploitation if the system is internet-facing or accessible within internal networks without adequate segmentation. The medium CVSS score reflects limited impact severity but does not diminish the criticality of protecting sensitive healthcare data. European healthcare institutions are often targeted due to the value of medical records and the critical nature of healthcare services, making this vulnerability particularly concerning in this sector.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should prioritize the following actions: 1) Immediate application of any available patches or updates from the vendor; since no patch links are currently provided, organizations should contact the vendor for remediation guidance. 2) Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /birthing.php functionality to prevent SQL injection. 3) Restrict network access to the Patient Record Management System, ensuring it is not directly exposed to the internet and is protected by firewalls and network segmentation. 4) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the itr_no and comp_id parameters. 5) Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing of the Patient Record Management System to identify and remediate other potential injection points. 6) Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual database query patterns or access attempts to the vulnerable endpoints. 7) Educate IT and security staff on the risks and detection methods related to SQL injection attacks. These measures, combined, will reduce the risk of exploitation and limit potential damage.