CVE-2025-57790 is a high-severity security vulnerability affecting Commvault's CommCell software versions prior to 11.36.60, specifically versions 11.32.0 and 11.36.0. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-36, which corresponds to Absolute Path Traversal. This flaw allows a remote attacker to exploit improper input validation in the file system path handling mechanisms of CommCell. By crafting malicious requests, an attacker can traverse directories and gain unauthorized access to arbitrary files on the underlying file system. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous because it can lead to remote code execution (RCE), enabling attackers to execute arbitrary commands or code with the privileges of the compromised service. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.7 reflects the critical nature of this vulnerability, with an attack vector of network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no attack prerequisites (AT:N), and no user interaction required (UI:N). However, it requires low privileges (PR:L), indicating that an attacker must have some level of authenticated access or limited privileges to exploit it. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high), and the scope is unchanged, meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the potential for exploitation remains significant given the severity and ease of attack. Commvault CommCell is widely used for enterprise backup and data management, making this vulnerability a critical concern for organizations relying on it for data protection and recovery.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-57790 could be severe. Commvault CommCell is commonly deployed in enterprise environments for backup, recovery, and data management across various sectors including finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. Exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive backup data, potentially exposing confidential information or intellectual property. Furthermore, remote code execution could allow attackers to disrupt backup operations, delete or alter backup data, or pivot to other internal systems, severely impacting business continuity and data integrity. Given the reliance on backup solutions for regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR mandates on data protection and breach notification), exploitation could also result in legal and financial penalties. The lack of required user interaction and the network attack vector increase the risk of automated or widespread attacks, especially in environments where CommCell is accessible over the network. The vulnerability could also be leveraged by advanced persistent threat (APT) actors targeting European organizations for espionage or sabotage.

To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-57790, European organizations should take the following specific actions: 1) Immediately identify and inventory all instances of Commvault CommCell in their environment, focusing on versions 11.32.0 and 11.36.0 or earlier. 2) Apply the latest available patches or updates from Commvault as soon as they are released, even though no patch links are currently provided, monitor vendor advisories closely. 3) Restrict network access to CommCell management interfaces using network segmentation, firewalls, and VPNs to limit exposure to trusted users only. 4) Implement strict access controls and least privilege principles for users with CommCell access to minimize the risk posed by low-privilege attackers. 5) Enable and monitor detailed logging and alerting on file system access and unusual activities within CommCell to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 6) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on backup infrastructure to identify and remediate similar path traversal or code execution vulnerabilities. 7) Consider deploying application-layer firewalls or intrusion prevention systems (IPS) capable of detecting and blocking path traversal attack patterns targeting CommCell. 8) Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving backup system compromise.