CVE-2025-57790 is a high-severity security vulnerability classified under CWE-36 (Absolute Path Traversal) affecting Commvault's CommCell software versions 11.32.0 and 11.36.0. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to exploit a path traversal flaw to gain unauthorized access to the file system. Specifically, an attacker can craft malicious requests that manipulate file path inputs to traverse directories outside the intended scope, potentially accessing sensitive files or directories. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without user interaction and requires low privileges (PR:L), meaning an attacker with limited access could leverage this flaw. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). The vulnerability may also lead to remote code execution, significantly increasing the risk by allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code on the affected system. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability does not require user interaction, and the attack vector is network-based, making it a critical concern for organizations relying on CommCell for data management and backup operations. Given the critical role of CommCell in enterprise backup and recovery, exploitation could compromise backup data integrity, confidentiality, and availability, potentially disrupting business continuity and exposing sensitive information.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-57790 could be severe. Commvault CommCell is widely used in enterprise environments for backup, recovery, and data management. Exploitation could allow attackers to access sensitive backup data, modify or delete backups, or execute malicious code within the backup infrastructure. This could lead to data breaches involving personal data protected under GDPR, causing regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, disruption of backup services could impair disaster recovery capabilities, increasing downtime and operational risk. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and telecommunications, which rely heavily on data integrity and availability, would be particularly vulnerable. The ability to remotely execute code elevates the threat to a potential foothold for further lateral movement within networks, increasing the risk of widespread compromise. The lack of current known exploits provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high severity score and ease of exploitation underscore the urgency for European organizations to address this vulnerability promptly.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting network access to CommCell management interfaces to trusted IP ranges and implementing strong network segmentation to limit exposure. 2. Apply principle of least privilege by ensuring that accounts interacting with CommCell have minimal necessary permissions, reducing the risk posed by low-privilege exploitation. 3. Monitor CommCell logs and network traffic for unusual file access patterns or unexpected requests that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) with custom rules to detect and block path traversal payloads targeting CommCell. 5. Since no official patches are currently available, coordinate with Commvault support for early access to security updates or workarounds. 6. Conduct thorough security assessments and penetration tests focused on backup infrastructure to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. 7. Prepare incident response plans specifically addressing backup system compromises to minimize impact if exploitation occurs. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability to ensure rapid detection and response.