CVE-2025-57819 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability affecting FreePBX versions prior to 15.0.66, 16.0.89, and 17.0.3 in the security-reporting module. FreePBX is an open-source web-based graphical user interface widely used for managing Asterisk-based telephony systems. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands (CWE-89), allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw enables attackers to bypass authentication controls (CWE-288), gain unauthorized access to the FreePBX Administrator interface, and perform arbitrary database manipulation. The impact extends to potential remote code execution on the underlying system, as attackers can leverage database control to execute commands or escalate privileges. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely without any user interaction or authentication, making it highly dangerous. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 10.0 (critical), reflecting network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the severity and ease of exploitation make this a significant threat to any organization running vulnerable FreePBX versions. The issue has been addressed in the specified patched versions, and upgrading is strongly recommended to mitigate the risk.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability is substantial. FreePBX is commonly deployed in enterprise telephony infrastructures, including call centers, government agencies, healthcare providers, and financial institutions across Europe. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive call records, configuration data, and user credentials, compromising confidentiality. Manipulation of telephony databases could disrupt communication services, impacting business continuity and availability. Remote code execution could allow attackers to pivot within internal networks, leading to broader compromise of IT assets. Given the criticality of telephony systems in sectors such as emergency services and critical infrastructure, exploitation could have severe operational and reputational consequences. Additionally, data privacy regulations like GDPR impose strict requirements on protecting personal data, and breaches resulting from this vulnerability could lead to regulatory penalties and legal liabilities for European organizations.

Organizations should immediately verify their FreePBX versions and upgrade to 15.0.66, 16.0.89, or 17.0.3 or later to apply the official patches. Beyond patching, it is advisable to restrict network access to FreePBX administrative interfaces using firewall rules or VPNs to limit exposure. Implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection and prevention capabilities tailored to FreePBX traffic patterns. Conduct thorough audits of telephony logs and database integrity to detect any signs of compromise. Employ network segmentation to isolate telephony systems from critical IT infrastructure, reducing lateral movement risk. Regularly back up FreePBX configurations and databases to enable rapid recovery. Finally, monitor threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit code or attack campaigns targeting this vulnerability to respond promptly.