CVE-2025-5783 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.3 of the PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System, specifically within the /editmyexp.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'emp3workduration' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw can be exploited remotely without any user interaction or authentication, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/UI:N/PR:L). The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the underlying database, potentially allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive employee data. Although the CVSS score is 5.3 (medium severity), the classification as critical in the description suggests that the vulnerability could have serious consequences if exploited in certain contexts. The exploit has been publicly disclosed but there are no known exploits currently observed in the wild. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require low privileges (PR:L), implying that an attacker might need to have some level of access, such as a low-privileged user account, to exploit it. The lack of patches or mitigation links indicates that the vendor has not yet released an official fix, increasing the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls. SQL Injection vulnerabilities are among the most dangerous web application flaws because they can lead to full database compromise, data leakage, and potential lateral movement within the network.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System 1.3, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to employee data confidentiality and integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of personal employee information, modification of records, or deletion of critical HR data, disrupting business operations and potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The ability to remotely exploit the vulnerability without user interaction increases the attack surface and risk of automated attacks. Given the sensitivity of employee data, a successful attack could result in reputational damage, regulatory fines, and operational downtime. Furthermore, if the compromised system is integrated with other internal systems, the attacker could leverage the access to pivot and escalate privileges, amplifying the impact across the organization.

Since no official patches are currently available, European organizations should immediately implement the following mitigations: 1) Restrict access to the /editmyexp.php endpoint by IP whitelisting or VPN-only access to limit exposure. 2) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'emp3workduration' parameter. 3) Conduct thorough input validation and sanitization on all user inputs, especially parameters related to employee data, using parameterized queries or prepared statements if possible. 4) Monitor logs for unusual database queries or errors indicative of injection attempts. 5) Limit the database user privileges associated with the application to the minimum necessary, preventing unauthorized data manipulation. 6) Prepare for rapid patch deployment once the vendor releases an official fix. 7) Educate internal teams about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans are updated to handle potential exploitation scenarios.