CVE-2025-58098 is a vulnerability in the Apache HTTP Server, specifically affecting versions 2.4.65 and earlier when Server Side Includes (SSI) are enabled alongside the mod_cgid module (excluding mod_cgi). The root cause is that the server passes shell-escaped query strings directly to the #exec cmd="..." directives within SSI scripts. This behavior leads to CWE-201, the insertion of sensitive information into sent data, which can expose confidential information to unauthorized parties. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require that the attacker have at least low-level privileges (PR:L) and network access (AV:N). The impact includes high confidentiality and integrity risks, as sensitive data can be leaked or manipulated, and a low availability impact. The vulnerability is addressed in Apache HTTP Server version 2.4.66, which corrects the handling of query strings in SSI exec commands to prevent leakage of sensitive information. No known exploits are currently in the wild, but the high CVSS score (8.3) indicates a serious risk if exploited. The vulnerability is particularly relevant for environments that use SSI with mod_cgid, a configuration common in legacy or complex web hosting setups.

The vulnerability can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information embedded in query strings, potentially exposing confidential data such as session tokens, credentials, or internal server details. This compromises confidentiality and may allow attackers to gain further footholds or escalate privileges. Integrity could also be impacted if attackers manipulate the data sent via SSI exec commands. Although availability impact is low, the breach of confidentiality and integrity can cause significant operational and reputational damage. Organizations relying on Apache HTTP Server with SSI and mod_cgid enabled are at risk, especially those hosting sensitive web applications or handling private user data. Exploitation could facilitate further attacks such as session hijacking, data theft, or lateral movement within networks.

1. Upgrade Apache HTTP Server to version 2.4.66 or later immediately to apply the official fix. 2. Review and disable Server Side Includes (SSI) if not strictly necessary, as SSI can introduce multiple security risks. 3. If SSI is required, avoid using mod_cgid and prefer mod_cgi or other safer alternatives where possible. 4. Audit web server configurations to ensure that query strings are not passed unsafely to exec commands or other shell-invoking directives. 5. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on any user-supplied data used in server-side scripts. 6. Monitor web server logs for unusual or suspicious exec command usage patterns. 7. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules targeting suspicious SSI exec command usage. 8. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on SSI and CGI configurations. 9. Educate administrators about the risks of enabling SSI with mod_cgid and best practices for secure server configuration.