CVE-2025-58412 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in multiple versions of Fortinet's FortiADC product, specifically versions 7.2.x, 7.4.x, 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, and 8.0.0. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of script-related HTML tags in web pages generated by the FortiADC management interface. This flaw allows an attacker to craft malicious URLs that, when visited by an authenticated user, can execute unauthorized scripts or commands within the context of the victim's browser session. The vulnerability is characterized as a basic XSS, which typically enables attackers to steal session cookies, perform actions on behalf of the user, or inject malicious payloads that compromise the confidentiality and integrity of the system. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.2 (medium severity), reflecting a network attack vector with high attack complexity, no privileges required, but requiring user interaction. The scope is changed (S:C), indicating that the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact on confidentiality and integrity is low, with no impact on availability. No known exploits are reported in the wild as of the publication date. FortiADC is widely used for application delivery and load balancing, often in enterprise and service provider environments, making this vulnerability relevant for organizations relying on Fortinet infrastructure. The vulnerability's exploitation could facilitate further attacks such as session hijacking or unauthorized command execution within the management interface, potentially leading to broader network compromise if leveraged effectively.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58412 primarily concerns the confidentiality and integrity of FortiADC management sessions. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute unauthorized scripts, potentially leading to session hijacking, unauthorized configuration changes, or pivoting within the network. Given FortiADC's role in application delivery and load balancing, compromise could disrupt critical business applications or expose sensitive traffic management data. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect availability, the indirect consequences of unauthorized access could lead to service degradation or outages. European entities in sectors such as finance, telecommunications, government, and critical infrastructure that deploy FortiADC appliances are at heightened risk. The requirement for user interaction and high attack complexity somewhat limits exploitation likelihood, but targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns could facilitate attacks. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not preclude future exploitation, especially as threat actors develop proof-of-concept code.

1. Monitor Fortinet advisories closely and apply official patches or updates for FortiADC versions 7.2.x, 7.4.x, 7.6.0-7.6.3, and 8.0.0 as soon as they become available. 2. Implement strict input validation and output encoding on any web interfaces interacting with FortiADC to reduce XSS attack surface. 3. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) capable of detecting and blocking XSS payloads targeting FortiADC management URLs. 4. Restrict access to FortiADC management interfaces to trusted networks only, using network segmentation, VPNs, or jump hosts to minimize exposure. 5. Educate users with access to FortiADC management consoles about phishing risks and the dangers of clicking on untrusted URLs. 6. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for FortiADC management access to reduce risk from session hijacking. 7. Regularly audit FortiADC logs for suspicious activity indicative of attempted XSS exploitation or unauthorized access. 8. Consider implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers on FortiADC web interfaces to mitigate script injection risks.