CVE-2025-58457 is a vulnerability identified in Apache ZooKeeper versions 3.9.0 up to but not including 3.9.4, related to improper handling of insufficient permissions or privileges (CWE-280) in the AdminServer component. Specifically, the AdminServer interface fails to enforce adequate permission checks when processing snapshot and restore commands. This flaw allows authorized clients who should have restricted access to execute these commands without proper authorization. The snapshot command captures the current state of the ZooKeeper data tree, while the restore command can overwrite the current state with a saved snapshot. Exploiting this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized data exposure or manipulation, potentially disrupting the consistency of distributed applications relying on ZooKeeper. The vulnerability does not directly impact integrity or availability severely, nor does it require user interaction, but it does require that the attacker has some level of authorization (PR:L). The vulnerability can be mitigated by upgrading to Apache ZooKeeper version 3.9.4, which includes the fix. Alternatively, administrators can disable the snapshot and restore commands via configuration parameters (admin.snapshot.enabled and admin.restore.enabled), or disable the entire AdminServer interface (admin.enableServer). Additionally, ensuring that the root Access Control List (ACL) does not grant overly permissive rights is important, noting that ZooKeeper ACLs are not recursive and thus child nodes are not affected beyond watch notifications. No known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.3, reflecting a medium severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, and requiring privileges but no user interaction.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58457 centers on the potential unauthorized execution of snapshot and restore commands within Apache ZooKeeper environments. Since ZooKeeper is widely used for coordination services in distributed systems, including cloud infrastructure, big data platforms, and microservices orchestration, exploitation could lead to unauthorized data exposure or state manipulation. This could disrupt service consistency or lead to data leakage, impacting confidentiality. However, the vulnerability does not directly compromise data integrity or availability to a critical extent. Organizations relying on vulnerable versions may face risks of insider threats or compromised internal clients abusing the flaw. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate risk, but the impact could be higher in environments where ZooKeeper manages sensitive or critical infrastructure. European enterprises with complex distributed architectures, especially in sectors like finance, telecommunications, and cloud services, could be affected. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the need for timely remediation. Failure to address this vulnerability could lead to compliance issues under regulations such as GDPR if unauthorized data access occurs.

To mitigate CVE-2025-58457, European organizations should prioritize upgrading Apache ZooKeeper to version 3.9.4 or later, where the permission check flaw is corrected. If immediate upgrading is not feasible, administrators should disable the snapshot and restore commands by setting 'admin.snapshot.enabled' and 'admin.restore.enabled' to false in the ZooKeeper configuration. Disabling the entire AdminServer interface via 'admin.enableServer' is another effective mitigation, especially if the AdminServer is not required for operational purposes. Additionally, review and tighten the root ACL permissions to ensure they do not grant open or overly permissive access, keeping in mind that ZooKeeper ACLs are not recursive and child nodes require explicit permissions. Network segmentation and access controls should restrict AdminServer access to trusted clients only. Monitoring and logging AdminServer command usage can help detect anomalous activities. Finally, incorporate this vulnerability into vulnerability management and patching cycles to ensure timely updates and compliance.