CVE-2025-5875 is a critical buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the TP-LINK Technologies TL-IPC544EP-W4 device, specifically in version 1.0.9 Build 240428 Rel 69493n. The vulnerability resides in the function sub_69064 within the /bin/main executable. The flaw is triggered by manipulating the 'text' argument, which leads to a buffer overflow condition. This type of vulnerability can allow an attacker to overwrite memory, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution or causing a denial of service. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring user interaction or authentication, increasing the risk of exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7, indicating a high severity level. The vector details show that the attack can be launched over the network (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:L) but some level of limited privileges is indicated, no user interaction (UI:N), and results in high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H). The vendor has been contacted but has not responded or provided a patch, and no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, although the exploit code has been publicly disclosed. This vulnerability affects a specific firmware version of the TL-IPC544EP-W4, which is a network camera device commonly used for surveillance purposes.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for entities relying on TP-LINK TL-IPC544EP-W4 cameras for security and surveillance. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized remote code execution, allowing attackers to take control of the device, intercept or manipulate video feeds, or use the compromised device as a foothold for lateral movement within the network. This could result in breaches of sensitive data, disruption of physical security monitoring, and potential escalation to critical infrastructure systems. The lack of vendor response and patch availability increases the window of exposure. Organizations in sectors such as government, critical infrastructure, transportation, and private enterprises using these devices are particularly vulnerable. The remote exploitability without authentication or user interaction further amplifies the threat, making automated scanning and exploitation feasible by attackers.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include isolating the affected devices on segmented network zones with strict firewall rules limiting inbound and outbound traffic to only necessary management hosts. Employ network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or anomaly detection tuned to identify exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability. Disable any unnecessary services or remote management interfaces on the affected cameras. Regularly monitor network traffic for unusual patterns or connections originating from these devices. If possible, replace or upgrade to alternative devices or firmware versions not affected by this vulnerability. Additionally, enforce strict access controls and multi-factor authentication on network segments hosting these devices to reduce the risk of lateral movement. Organizations should also maintain up-to-date asset inventories to quickly identify and remediate affected devices once patches become available.