CVE-2025-58775 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in KEYENCE CORPORATION's KV STUDIO software and the VT5-WX15/WX12 devices. The vulnerability exists in versions 12.23 and prior of KV STUDIO. A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it can hold, potentially overwriting adjacent memory and allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code. In this case, the vulnerability can be triggered by processing a specially crafted file, which means that if an attacker can supply or trick the system into opening such a file, they may execute arbitrary code on the affected device or software environment. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating a high severity level. The vector string (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reveals that the attack requires local access (AV:L), has low attack complexity (AC:L), does not require privileges (PR:N), but does require user interaction (UI:R). The scope is unchanged (S:U), and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (C:H/I:H/A:H). This means that while the attacker must have local access and convince a user to open a malicious file, successful exploitation can lead to full compromise of the system, including complete data disclosure, modification, and denial of service. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches are linked yet, indicating that organizations should prioritize monitoring and prepare for patch deployment once available. KV STUDIO is used primarily in industrial automation and control systems, which are critical infrastructure components in manufacturing environments. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to disruption of industrial processes, data theft, or sabotage.

For European organizations, especially those in manufacturing, industrial automation, and critical infrastructure sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. KV STUDIO and the associated hardware are used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and human-machine interfaces (HMIs), which are integral to controlling industrial processes. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to operational disruption, safety hazards, intellectual property theft, and financial losses. Given the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, an attacker could manipulate control logic, cause equipment malfunction, or halt production lines. This could have cascading effects on supply chains and critical services. Additionally, the requirement for local access and user interaction suggests that insider threats or targeted attacks involving social engineering are plausible. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate it, as attackers may develop exploits rapidly once details are public. European organizations must consider the potential for targeted attacks against industrial control systems, which have been increasingly targeted in recent years.

1. Restrict local access to systems running KV STUDIO and associated devices to trusted personnel only, implementing strict physical and network access controls. 2. Educate users about the risks of opening files from untrusted sources, emphasizing the need to verify file origins before processing. 3. Implement application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior or exploitation attempts related to buffer overflows. 4. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected file loads or process executions. 5. Segregate industrial control networks from corporate IT networks to limit attack vectors and contain potential compromises. 6. Prepare for patch deployment by establishing communication channels with KEYENCE CORPORATION and subscribing to vulnerability advisories to receive updates promptly. 7. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on industrial control systems to identify and remediate vulnerabilities proactively. 8. Employ intrusion detection systems tailored for industrial protocols to detect exploitation attempts in real-time.