VulnerabilityPublished 18 Nov 2025Updated 5 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-59113: JCD Windu CMS · Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts

Affects JCD Windu CMSSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.9 Medium · fixed in 4.1 : update JCD Windu CMS when convenient.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 22% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 4.1

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 18 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
JCD Windu CMS	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations should immediately upgrade Windu CMS installations to version 4.1 build 2250 or later, where this vulnerability is fixed. If immediate patching is not feasible, implement server-side brute-force protections such as rate limiting login attempts per IP address or user account, and enforce account lockouts or progressive delays after multiple failed attempts. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block brute-force patterns targeting login endpoints. Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all CMS user accounts to reduce the risk of compromised credentials leading to unauthorized access. Regularly monitor authentication logs for unusual login failure patterns and investigate potential brute-force activity. Educate administrators and users on strong password policies and the risks of credential reuse. Conduct penetration testing and vulnerability assessments to verify the effectiveness of mitigations. Finally, review CMS configurations to ensure no other client-side security controls are relied upon for critical protections.

Description

Windu CMS implements weak client-side brute-force protection by using parameter loginError. Information about attempt count or timeout is not stored on the server, which allows a malicious attacker to bypass this brute-force protection by resetting this parameter. Only version 4.1 was tested and confirmed as vulnerable. This issue was fixed in version 4.1 build 2250.

Impact

For European organizations using Windu CMS version 4.1 prior to build 2250, this vulnerability exposes them to credential brute-force attacks that can lead to unauthorized access to administrative or user accounts. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to compromise sensitive data, modify website content, or use the CMS as a foothold for further network intrusion. Given the CMS’s role in managing web content, exploitation could also result in defacement, data leakage, or disruption of online services. The lack of server-side enforcement means brute-force attacks can be automated at scale, increasing the risk of credential stuffing or password spraying campaigns. Organizations in sectors with high regulatory requirements for data protection (e.g., finance, healthcare, government) face increased compliance risks if breaches occur. Although no known exploits are currently active, the vulnerability’s ease of exploitation and remote accessibility make it a significant threat if left unpatched. The impact is primarily on confidentiality and access control, with limited direct impact on system integrity or availability.

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessOWASP Top 10 A07:2025: Authentication Failures (opens in a new tab)
The product does not implement sufficient measures to prevent multiple failed authentication attempts within a short time frame.
Architecture and Design
Common protection mechanisms include: Disconnecting the user after a small number of failed attempts; Implementing a timeout; Locking out a targeted account; Requiring a computational task on the user's part.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Authentication (opens in a new tab)
Transport Layer Protection (opens in a new tab)
TLS Cipher String (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V2.2.1 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.5 (opens in a new tab)
V2.8.4 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Dictionary-based Password Attack (opens in a new tab)
Password Brute Forcing (opens in a new tab)
Password Spraying (opens in a new tab)
Credential Stuffing (opens in a new tab)
Use of Known Kerberos Credentials (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Dec 2025, 04:14 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-307

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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