CVE-2025-59118 is a security vulnerability identified in the Apache OFBiz platform, an open-source enterprise resource planning (ERP) and e-commerce system maintained by the Apache Software Foundation. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-434, which pertains to the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. This means that the affected versions of Apache OFBiz (all versions before 24.09.03) do not properly restrict or validate the types of files that users can upload through the application. As a result, an attacker could upload malicious files such as web shells, scripts, or executables that the server might execute or that could be used to compromise the system. The lack of proper file type validation can lead to severe consequences including remote code execution, data breaches, or full system compromise depending on the deployment context and server configuration. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date, the vulnerability's nature makes it a critical risk if left unpatched. The Apache Software Foundation has addressed this issue in Apache OFBiz version 24.09.03, and users are strongly advised to upgrade to this version or later to remediate the vulnerability. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The absence of a CVSS score necessitates a severity assessment based on the potential impact and exploitability.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59118 can be significant, particularly for those using Apache OFBiz as a core component of their enterprise resource planning or e-commerce infrastructure. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized system access, data theft, disruption of business operations, and potential compliance violations under regulations such as GDPR due to data breaches. The ability to upload and execute malicious files could allow attackers to establish persistent footholds, escalate privileges, and move laterally within networks. This is especially critical for sectors such as manufacturing, retail, and logistics, where Apache OFBiz is commonly deployed. Additionally, organizations with public-facing OFBiz instances are at higher risk of external attacks. The lack of authentication requirements for exploitation increases the threat surface, making it easier for attackers to target vulnerable systems remotely. The reputational damage and financial losses resulting from such an incident could be substantial, emphasizing the need for prompt remediation.

To mitigate CVE-2025-59118, organizations should immediately upgrade Apache OFBiz to version 24.09.03 or later, where the vulnerability has been addressed. Beyond patching, it is critical to implement strict file upload validation controls, including whitelisting allowed file types, enforcing file size limits, and scanning uploaded files for malware. Deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious upload attempts. Restrict upload directories' permissions to prevent execution of uploaded files and isolate them from critical system components. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. Monitor logs for unusual upload activity and failed validation attempts. Educate development and operations teams about secure coding practices related to file handling. Finally, maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any exploitation attempts.