CVE-2025-5914 is a vulnerability identified in the libarchive library, specifically within the archive_read_format_rar_seek_data() function. The flaw arises from an integer overflow or wraparound condition that leads to a double-free vulnerability. A double-free occurs when the same memory is freed more than once, causing heap corruption. This corruption can be exploited by attackers to execute arbitrary code, potentially gaining control over the affected system, or to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) by crashing the application or system. The vulnerability is present in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10, which bundles libarchive. Exploitation requires local access with low privileges (AV:L) and user interaction (UI:R), but no elevated privileges or authentication are necessary. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the potential for remote code execution if combined with other attack vectors. The vulnerability specifically affects processing of RAR archive files, which are commonly used for file compression and transfer, making it relevant for environments that handle such files regularly. The flaw's root cause is an integer overflow in the function that manages seeking data within RAR archives, which leads to improper memory management and the double-free condition. This vulnerability highlights the importance of secure memory handling in widely used libraries like libarchive.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-5914 can be substantial, especially for those relying on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 in production environments. Exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code locally, potentially escalating privileges or moving laterally within networks. This could lead to data breaches, disruption of critical services, or full system compromise. The denial-of-service aspect could affect availability of key systems, impacting business continuity. Organizations that process RAR archives, such as media companies, software developers, and enterprises exchanging compressed files, are particularly vulnerable. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments with many users or where attackers have gained initial footholds. The vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks against critical infrastructure, government agencies, or financial institutions, where Red Hat Enterprise Linux is prevalent. Overall, the threat could undermine confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems, leading to operational and reputational damage.

To mitigate CVE-2025-5914, organizations should prioritize applying patches from Red Hat as soon as they become available. In the interim, restrict local user access to systems running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 to trusted personnel only. Implement strict file handling policies to limit processing of untrusted or unsolicited RAR archives. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous memory corruption behaviors. Monitor system logs and audit trails for signs of double-free exploitation attempts or crashes related to libarchive usage. Consider sandboxing or isolating applications that handle archive files to contain potential exploitation. Regularly update and harden systems to reduce the attack surface, including disabling unnecessary services and enforcing least privilege principles. Educate users about the risks of opening untrusted compressed files to reduce the likelihood of user interaction leading to exploitation. Finally, integrate vulnerability scanning and threat intelligence feeds to stay informed about emerging exploits related to this CVE.