CVE-2025-59186 is an information disclosure vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows Server 2019, specifically affecting version 10.0.17763.0. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-200, indicating exposure of sensitive information to unauthorized actors. The flaw resides in the Windows Kernel, where an attacker with authorized local access but limited privileges can exploit the vulnerability to disclose sensitive kernel-level information. This exposure could include memory contents or other confidential data that should be protected by the operating system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, meaning it can be exploited reliably by an attacker who already has local access. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, reflecting a medium severity level primarily due to the confidentiality impact (high), with no impact on integrity or availability. The scope remains unchanged as the vulnerability affects only the local system. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches have been published at the time of this report. However, the vulnerability could facilitate further attacks, such as privilege escalation or lateral movement, by revealing sensitive kernel information. Organizations running Windows Server 2019 should be aware of this vulnerability and prepare to apply patches once available.

For European organizations, the exposure of sensitive kernel information can lead to increased risk of targeted attacks, especially in environments where multiple users have local access or where attackers have already gained limited footholds. Confidentiality breaches could compromise sensitive corporate or customer data, intellectual property, or security mechanisms embedded in the kernel. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, the leaked information could be leveraged to develop more sophisticated exploits or escalate privileges, potentially leading to broader compromise. Critical infrastructure, financial institutions, and government agencies using Windows Server 2019 are particularly vulnerable due to the sensitive nature of their data and the strategic value of their systems. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate but non-negligible risk, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation and monitoring to prevent exploitation in high-value environments.

1. Restrict local access to Windows Server 2019 systems to only trusted and necessary personnel to reduce the attack surface. 2. Implement strict access controls and auditing on servers to detect unauthorized or suspicious local activities. 3. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor kernel-level activities and alert on anomalous behavior. 4. Apply the principle of least privilege to user accounts and services to limit the potential impact of local exploits. 5. Regularly review and harden server configurations, disabling unnecessary services and features that could be leveraged for local access. 6. Prepare for patch deployment by testing updates in controlled environments once Microsoft releases a fix. 7. Educate system administrators and security teams about this vulnerability and encourage vigilance for signs of exploitation. 8. Consider network segmentation to isolate critical servers and limit lateral movement opportunities. 9. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover if exploitation occurs.