CVE-2025-59241 is a vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0) affecting the Windows Health and Optimized Experiences Service. The issue stems from improper link resolution before file access, a security weakness classified as CWE-59 ('Improper Link Resolution Before File Access'). This flaw allows an authorized local attacker to exploit symbolic or hard links to manipulate file access operations performed by the service. By leveraging this, the attacker can escalate privileges locally, potentially gaining higher system rights than initially granted. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a relatively low attack complexity, but it does require local privileges (PR:L). The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, indicating that successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a significant risk. The absence of published patches at the time of disclosure necessitates proactive defensive measures. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security controls, execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, and compromise system stability and data confidentiality.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk, particularly to enterprises and government entities relying on Windows 11 25H2 in their operational environments. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, enabling attackers to execute malicious code with elevated rights, access sensitive information, or disrupt critical services. This is especially concerning for sectors such as finance, healthcare, energy, and public administration, where data confidentiality and system availability are paramount. The local attack vector means that insider threats or attackers who have gained limited access could leverage this flaw to deepen their foothold. Given the widespread adoption of Windows 11 in Europe, the potential for lateral movement and escalation within networks could facilitate broader compromise. The lack of current exploits reduces immediate risk but does not diminish the urgency for mitigation, as threat actors may develop exploits rapidly once details are public.

1. Restrict local access to systems running Windows 11 Version 25H2, limiting user permissions to the minimum necessary and enforcing strict access controls. 2. Monitor system logs and security events for unusual file access patterns or attempts to create or manipulate symbolic/hard links related to the Windows Health and Optimized Experiences Service. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect and block suspicious privilege escalation attempts. 4. Isolate critical systems and segment networks to reduce the risk of lateral movement following local compromise. 5. Stay informed on Microsoft security advisories and apply official patches or updates immediately once released. 6. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on privilege escalation vectors to identify and remediate potential exploitation paths. 7. Educate system administrators and users about the risks of local privilege escalation and the importance of maintaining strict local user controls.