CVE-2025-59272 is a command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-77, affecting Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat feature. This vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements in user inputs that are processed as commands within the Business Chat environment. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting malicious input that, when processed, executes unintended commands on the underlying system or service. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring any privileges (AV:N/PR:N), but it does require user interaction (UI:R), such as the user engaging with the malicious input in the chat. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component. The confidentiality impact is high (C:H), indicating potential exposure of sensitive data, while integrity and availability impacts are none (I:N/A:N). The CVSS score of 6.5 reflects a medium severity level. No patches or exploits are currently reported, but the vulnerability's presence in a widely used enterprise collaboration tool raises concerns. The vulnerability could be leveraged for data exfiltration or information disclosure by injecting commands that reveal sensitive information. Since the vulnerability affects a cloud-based AI assistant integrated into Microsoft 365, the attack surface includes any organization using this feature, especially those relying heavily on Business Chat for internal communications and workflows.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59272 could be significant due to the widespread adoption of Microsoft 365 services across the continent. The high confidentiality impact means that sensitive corporate or personal data could be exposed if exploited. This is particularly critical for industries handling sensitive information such as finance, healthcare, and government sectors. The lack of integrity and availability impact limits the threat to data disclosure rather than system disruption or data manipulation. However, the potential for data leakage could lead to regulatory non-compliance issues under GDPR, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Furthermore, the requirement for user interaction means that social engineering or phishing tactics could be used to trick users into triggering the vulnerability. Organizations relying on AI-driven collaboration tools may face increased risk if security controls around user input validation and monitoring are insufficient. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive defense, but the evolving threat landscape necessitates vigilance.

To mitigate CVE-2025-59272, European organizations should implement a multi-layered approach: 1) Monitor Microsoft’s official channels for patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 2) Restrict and sanitize user inputs within Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat by implementing input validation and filtering mechanisms to prevent injection of special command characters or sequences. 3) Educate users about the risks of interacting with unsolicited or suspicious chat inputs, emphasizing caution with links or commands received via Business Chat. 4) Employ advanced threat detection tools that can monitor for anomalous command execution patterns or unusual data access within Microsoft 365 environments. 5) Leverage Microsoft 365’s built-in security features such as Conditional Access policies and Data Loss Prevention (DLP) to limit exposure of sensitive data. 6) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on AI and chat-based collaboration tools to identify and remediate potential weaknesses. 7) Establish incident response procedures specifically tailored to cloud-based AI assistant compromises to ensure rapid containment and recovery.