CVE-2025-59272 is a critical security vulnerability classified under CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command, commonly known as command injection) affecting Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat feature. The vulnerability arises due to insufficient sanitization of special characters or command elements within user inputs processed by the Business Chat component. This flaw enables an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious commands that the system executes locally, resulting in unauthorized information disclosure. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network without requiring any privileges or user interaction, increasing its risk profile significantly. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.3 reflects a critical severity, primarily due to the high confidentiality impact and the complete lack of required authentication or user interaction. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the nature of the vulnerability suggests that attackers could leverage it to extract sensitive data from affected systems, potentially leading to further compromise or data leakage. Microsoft 365 Copilot is an AI-powered assistant integrated into Microsoft 365 productivity tools, widely used in enterprise environments for business communications and workflows. The vulnerability's presence in such a critical productivity tool amplifies its potential impact, especially in organizations relying heavily on Microsoft 365 for daily operations. The lack of currently available patches necessitates immediate risk mitigation through alternative controls and monitoring until official fixes are deployed.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59272 is significant due to the widespread adoption of Microsoft 365 services across the continent. The vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive business information, intellectual property, or personal data processed within Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat. This exposure risks violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, potentially resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. The ability to exploit the vulnerability without authentication or user interaction increases the likelihood of automated attacks and large-scale exploitation attempts. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure, which rely heavily on Microsoft 365 for secure communications, are particularly vulnerable. The disruption caused by information leakage could also facilitate further attacks, including social engineering, phishing, or lateral movement within networks. The critical severity and network-exploitable nature of the vulnerability necessitate urgent attention to prevent data breaches and maintain compliance with European cybersecurity standards.

1. Monitor Microsoft security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates for Microsoft 365 Copilot's Business Chat immediately upon release. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization controls at the application and network layers to detect and block suspicious command injection patterns targeting Business Chat interfaces. 3. Employ network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of Microsoft 365 Copilot services to only trusted networks and users. 4. Enable advanced threat detection and logging within Microsoft 365 environments to identify anomalous command execution or unusual data access patterns. 5. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on Microsoft 365 integrations to identify potential exploitation attempts. 6. Educate IT and security teams about the specific risks associated with command injection vulnerabilities in AI-powered chat tools to enhance incident response readiness. 7. Consider temporary disabling or restricting Business Chat features in sensitive environments until patches are available. 8. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor for local command execution anomalies that may indicate exploitation attempts.