CVE-2025-59289 is a double free vulnerability identified in the Windows Bluetooth Service component of Microsoft Windows Server 2022, specifically affecting version 10.0.20348.0. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-415, which involves improper memory management where the same memory is freed more than once. This condition can corrupt the heap, leading to unpredictable behavior including potential arbitrary code execution. The flaw allows an attacker with authorized local access and low privileges to exploit this double free condition to escalate privileges on the system. The attacker does not require user interaction, but must have some level of local access, which could be through a compromised account or insider threat. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability by enabling attackers to gain higher privileges, potentially allowing them to execute malicious code, access sensitive data, or disrupt system operations. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.0, with vector AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, indicating local attack vector, high attack complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction, unchanged scope, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No public exploits or patches are currently available, but the vulnerability is officially published and reserved since September 2025. The Windows Bluetooth Service is a critical system component, and exploitation could affect many enterprise environments running Windows Server 2022.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially to enterprises and critical infrastructure relying on Windows Server 2022. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to elevate privileges from a low-privileged local account to SYSTEM or equivalent, enabling full control over the server. This can lead to data breaches, disruption of services, and lateral movement within networks. Given the widespread deployment of Windows Server 2022 in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and manufacturing across Europe, the impact could be severe. Confidentiality of sensitive data could be compromised, integrity of systems undermined, and availability disrupted through potential denial-of-service conditions or malicious code execution. The requirement for local access limits remote exploitation but insider threats or attackers who gain initial foothold via other means could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but organizations should not delay mitigation due to the high potential impact.

1. Monitor Microsoft security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available for Windows Server 2022. 2. Restrict local access to Windows Server 2022 systems to only trusted and necessary personnel, minimizing the risk of exploitation by unauthorized users. 3. Implement strict privilege management policies, ensuring users operate with the least privileges necessary and avoid granting local administrator rights unnecessarily. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unusual Bluetooth service behavior or memory corruption signs. 5. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments focusing on local privilege escalation vectors. 6. Use application whitelisting and code integrity policies to prevent unauthorized code execution even if privilege escalation occurs. 7. Harden Bluetooth service configurations where possible, disabling or limiting Bluetooth functionality on servers that do not require it to reduce attack surface. 8. Educate system administrators and users about the risks of local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and the importance of adhering to security best practices.