CVE-2025-59289 is a double free vulnerability identified in the Windows Bluetooth Service component of Microsoft Windows Server 2022, specifically affecting version 10.0.20348.0. A double free occurs when a program attempts to free the same memory location twice, leading to undefined behavior such as memory corruption, crashes, or arbitrary code execution. In this case, the flaw allows an authorized local attacker with low privileges to exploit the vulnerability to elevate their privileges on the system. The attacker must have local access but does not require user interaction to trigger the flaw. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.0, indicating high severity, with the vector metrics showing local attack vector (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), low privileges required (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). This suggests that exploitation could lead to full system compromise, including unauthorized access to sensitive data, modification of system files, and denial of service. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and should be considered a significant risk. The Bluetooth Service is a critical Windows component that manages Bluetooth device connectivity and communication, and its compromise could affect system stability and security. The vulnerability was reserved on September 11, 2025, and published on October 14, 2025, but no official patches are yet linked, indicating that organizations should prepare to deploy updates promptly once available.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59289 is substantial. Windows Server 2022 is widely deployed in enterprise environments across Europe, including in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could escalate privileges from a low-privileged local account to SYSTEM level, enabling full control over the server. This could lead to data breaches, disruption of services, and lateral movement within networks. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means sensitive information could be exposed or altered, and critical services could be interrupted. Organizations relying on Bluetooth-enabled devices or services on their servers may face additional risks due to the attack vector. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive defense, but the high severity demands urgent attention to prevent potential targeted attacks, especially in high-value environments.

1. Monitor Microsoft’s official channels closely for the release of security patches addressing CVE-2025-59289 and apply them immediately upon availability. 2. Restrict local access to Windows Server 2022 systems to trusted administrators only, minimizing the number of accounts with local login rights. 3. Disable or limit the Windows Bluetooth Service on servers where Bluetooth functionality is unnecessary, reducing the attack surface. 4. Implement strict access controls and auditing on servers to detect unusual privilege escalation attempts or abnormal Bluetooth service behavior. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of identifying memory corruption exploits and anomalous process activities related to the Bluetooth Service. 6. Conduct regular security training for administrators to recognize and respond to potential exploitation attempts. 7. Use network segmentation to isolate critical servers and limit lateral movement opportunities if a system is compromised. 8. Review and harden server configurations, including applying the principle of least privilege and disabling unnecessary services.