CVE-2025-59415 is a medium-severity cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) versions 2.34.1 and earlier. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of input during web page generation, specifically in the profile bio feature where users can upload content. The system fails to adequately sanitize malicious SVG files uploaded as part of the profile bio, allowing attackers to embed arbitrary scripts within these SVGs. When other users view the affected profile bios, the malicious scripts execute in their browser context, potentially leading to session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the victim user. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 4.6, reflecting a medium severity with network attack vector, high attack complexity, low privileges required, and user interaction necessary. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent, as exploitation requires user interaction and the attacker must have low-level privileges to upload malicious SVG content. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches or fixes have been linked yet. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-79, which covers improper input neutralization leading to XSS attacks. The flaw specifically targets the SVG file handling in the profile bio feature, a common user-generated content area, making it a vector for social engineering and targeted attacks within organizations using Frappe LMS.

For European organizations using Frappe LMS, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to user confidentiality and integrity. Attackers could exploit the flaw to execute scripts in the context of other users, potentially stealing session cookies, redirecting users to malicious sites, or performing unauthorized actions within the LMS environment. This could lead to unauthorized access to learning materials, user data leakage, or manipulation of user profiles and content. While the attack requires user interaction and low privileges, the impact could be significant in educational institutions, corporate training environments, and government agencies relying on Frappe LMS for critical training and knowledge management. The vulnerability could also be leveraged in targeted phishing campaigns exploiting the trust within the LMS platform. However, the medium CVSS score and the requirement for user interaction somewhat limit the scope of impact. Availability impact is low but possible if malicious scripts disrupt user sessions or LMS functionality. Overall, the threat could undermine user trust and data security in affected organizations.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Immediately restrict or disable SVG file uploads in profile bios until a patch is available. 2) Employ strict input validation and sanitization on all user-uploaded content, especially SVG files, using robust libraries that parse and sanitize SVGs to remove embedded scripts or malicious elements. 3) Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict script execution and mitigate the impact of any injected scripts. 4) Educate users about the risks of interacting with untrusted profile content and encourage cautious behavior. 5) Monitor LMS logs for unusual activity or repeated upload attempts of suspicious SVG files. 6) Apply principle of least privilege to user roles to limit the ability to upload or modify profile bios. 7) Stay alert for vendor patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once released. 8) Consider deploying web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block malicious SVG payloads targeting the LMS. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on SVG-specific handling and user interaction controls within the LMS context.