CVE-2025-59484 identifies a high-severity vulnerability in the firmware version 3.60 of AutomationDirect's CLICK PLUS C0-0x CPU programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The core issue is the use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm, specifically an insecure implementation of the RSA encryption algorithm, classified under CWE-327. RSA is widely used for securing communications and ensuring data integrity, but improper implementation can lead to vulnerabilities such as weak key generation, predictable randomness, or flawed padding schemes, which attackers can exploit to decrypt sensitive data or impersonate legitimate devices. This vulnerability does not require privileges or authentication to exploit (AV:N/PR:N), but it does require user interaction (UI:P), such as sending crafted data to the device. The impact on confidentiality and integrity is high, with limited availability impact. The vulnerability affects the firmware of industrial control systems (ICS), which are critical for automation in manufacturing, utilities, and infrastructure. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the high CVSS score (8.7) and the nature of the vulnerability indicate a significant risk if exploited, potentially allowing attackers to intercept or manipulate control commands, leading to operational disruptions or safety hazards.

For European organizations, especially those operating in industrial automation, manufacturing, energy, and critical infrastructure sectors, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive operational data or manipulation of control logic, resulting in production downtime, safety incidents, or damage to physical assets. Given the reliance on AutomationDirect's CLICK PLUS PLCs in various European industries, attackers could leverage this flaw to compromise industrial processes. The high confidentiality and integrity impact could also affect compliance with European data protection regulations, such as GDPR, if sensitive operational data is exposed. Moreover, disruption in critical infrastructure could have cascading effects on supply chains and public safety. The requirement for user interaction suggests targeted attacks, possibly via phishing or social engineering to induce operators to interact with malicious inputs, increasing the threat to organizations with less mature cybersecurity awareness.

Organizations should prioritize updating the firmware of CLICK PLUS C0-0x CPU devices to a patched version once available from AutomationDirect. In the absence of a patch, network segmentation should be enforced to isolate PLCs from general IT networks and restrict access to trusted personnel only. Implement strict input validation and monitoring for anomalous commands or traffic patterns targeting these devices. Employ multi-factor authentication and robust access controls on systems interfacing with the PLCs to reduce the risk of unauthorized interactions. Additionally, conduct employee training focused on recognizing social engineering attempts that could trigger the required user interaction for exploitation. Regularly audit and update cryptographic policies to ensure only secure algorithms and implementations are used in industrial environments. Finally, collaborate with ICS cybersecurity specialists to perform penetration testing and vulnerability assessments tailored to these PLCs.