CVE-2025-60279 is a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in Illia Cloud's illia-Builder software prior to version 4.8.5. SSRF vulnerabilities allow attackers to abuse a server's functionality to send crafted requests to internal or external systems that the server can access but the attacker normally cannot. In this case, the vulnerability requires the attacker to be an authenticated user, which means they must have some level of legitimate access to the illia-Builder API. Once authenticated, the attacker can leverage the SSRF flaw to send arbitrary HTTP requests to internal services behind the firewall or on the local network. This can be used to enumerate open ports by analyzing differences in server responses, effectively mapping internal network services and potentially identifying vulnerable or sensitive endpoints. Furthermore, the attacker can interact with these internal services, which might lead to further exploitation such as unauthorized data access, privilege escalation, or lateral movement within the network. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-918 (Server-Side Request Forgery) and has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.6, indicating critical severity. The vector string (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N) shows that the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requires low privileges (authenticated user), no user interaction, and impacts confidentiality and integrity with a scope change, but does not affect availability. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported yet. Illia Cloud illia-Builder is a cloud-based development platform, and this vulnerability could allow attackers to pivot from the compromised application to internal infrastructure, increasing the risk of data breaches or disruption of internal services.

For European organizations, this vulnerability presents a significant risk, especially for those relying on Illia Cloud illia-Builder for cloud development and deployment workflows. The ability for an authenticated user to perform SSRF attacks can lead to unauthorized internal network reconnaissance, exposing sensitive internal services that are not intended to be publicly accessible. This can facilitate further attacks such as data exfiltration, unauthorized access to internal APIs, or lateral movement to critical systems. The confidentiality and integrity of internal data and services are at high risk, potentially leading to breaches of personal data protected under GDPR, which could result in regulatory fines and reputational damage. The vulnerability does not directly impact availability, but successful exploitation could indirectly cause service disruptions if internal systems are compromised. Given the critical CVSS score, organizations with multi-tenant environments or those hosting sensitive infrastructure behind illia-Builder are particularly vulnerable. The risk is heightened in sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government, where internal network security is paramount and data sensitivity is high.

To mitigate CVE-2025-60279, European organizations should immediately upgrade illia-Builder to version 4.8.5 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. Until the upgrade is applied, restrict API access to trusted users and networks by implementing strict access controls and network segmentation to limit the ability of authenticated users to reach sensitive internal services. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) or API gateways with SSRF detection capabilities to monitor and block suspicious outbound requests originating from the illia-Builder API. Conduct thorough internal network monitoring and logging to detect anomalous request patterns indicative of SSRF exploitation attempts. Review and harden internal service configurations to minimize exposure and enforce strict authentication and authorization on internal APIs. Additionally, implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users accessing illia-Builder to reduce the risk of compromised credentials being used to exploit the vulnerability. Regularly audit user privileges to ensure only necessary users have API access. Finally, prepare incident response plans to quickly address any suspected exploitation.