CVE-2025-60541 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in the /api/proxy/ component of linshenkx prompt-optimizer versions 1.3.0 through 1.4.2. SSRF vulnerabilities occur when an attacker can manipulate a server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary internal or external resources, often bypassing firewall protections and accessing sensitive internal services. In this case, the vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to craft requests that the vulnerable API endpoint forwards, enabling scanning and enumeration of internal network resources that are otherwise inaccessible externally. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-918 (Server-Side Request Forgery), indicating improper validation of user-supplied URLs or parameters that control server-side requests. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.3 reflects a network-based attack vector with low complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction needed, impacting confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the vulnerability poses a significant risk for reconnaissance and lateral movement within compromised networks. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected organizations. The vulnerability’s presence in linshenkx prompt-optimizer, a tool likely used for AI prompt optimization or related services, means that organizations leveraging this software in their internal or cloud environments could be exposed to internal network scanning and potential follow-on attacks.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-60541 could lead to unauthorized internal network reconnaissance, exposing sensitive internal services such as databases, internal APIs, and management interfaces. This can facilitate further attacks like privilege escalation, data exfiltration, or lateral movement within the network. Organizations in sectors with high reliance on prompt-optimizer software—such as technology firms, AI research centers, and cloud service providers—face increased risk. The exposure of internal resources can compromise confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data and disrupt availability if attackers leverage discovered services for denial-of-service or ransomware attacks. Additionally, regulatory compliance risks arise if internal data is exposed or breached, impacting GDPR adherence. The vulnerability’s ease of exploitation without authentication increases the urgency for European entities to address it, especially those with complex internal networks and critical infrastructure.

Since no official patches are currently available, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict external access to the /api/proxy/ endpoint using network firewalls, web application firewalls (WAFs), or API gateways to ensure only trusted internal clients can reach it. Implement strict input validation and URL allowlisting on the proxy API to prevent arbitrary request forwarding. Employ network segmentation and zero-trust principles to limit the exposure of sensitive internal resources, ensuring that even if SSRF occurs, the attacker’s ability to reach critical assets is minimized. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual outbound requests originating from the prompt-optimizer service. Consider deploying runtime application self-protection (RASP) solutions to detect and block SSRF attempts. Finally, maintain close communication with the vendor for timely patch releases and apply updates as soon as they become available.