CVE-2025-60552 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the D-Link DIR600L Ax router firmware version FW116WWb01. The vulnerability resides in the formTcpipSetup function, where improper handling of the curTime parameter allows an attacker to overflow a buffer. This flaw is classified under CWE-121 (Stack-based Buffer Overflow), indicating that the vulnerability arises from unsafe memory operations that can overwrite adjacent memory regions. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without any authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). Successful exploitation results in denial of service (DoS) conditions by crashing or rebooting the device, thereby disrupting network availability. The CVSS score of 7.5 reflects a high severity due to the ease of exploitation and the impact on availability, although confidentiality and integrity are not directly affected. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild, which suggests that attackers have not yet widely leveraged this vulnerability. The affected device, D-Link DIR600L Ax, is a widely deployed router model in home and small office environments, making the vulnerability relevant for a broad user base. The lack of authentication requirement increases the risk, as attackers can target vulnerable devices exposed to the internet or accessible within internal networks. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to significant network disruptions, especially in environments relying on these routers for critical connectivity.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to network availability, particularly for small and medium enterprises or home office setups using the D-Link DIR600L Ax router. A successful attack could cause router crashes or reboots, leading to temporary loss of internet connectivity and disruption of business operations. This may affect remote work capabilities, VoIP communications, and access to cloud services. Although the vulnerability does not compromise confidentiality or integrity directly, the denial of service impact can cascade into operational downtime and potential financial losses. Critical infrastructure entities or organizations with limited IT support may face prolonged outages if they rely on vulnerable devices without timely mitigation. Additionally, the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means attackers can automate exploitation attempts, increasing the threat surface. The absence of patches further exacerbates the risk, requiring organizations to implement compensating controls to maintain network stability.

Since no official patches are currently available, European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Disable remote management interfaces on the D-Link DIR600L Ax routers to prevent external exploitation attempts. 2) Restrict network access to router management ports via firewall rules, allowing only trusted internal IP addresses. 3) Segment networks to isolate vulnerable routers from critical systems and sensitive data environments. 4) Monitor router logs and network traffic for unusual patterns indicative of exploitation attempts, such as repeated malformed requests targeting the curTime parameter. 5) Consider replacing or upgrading affected routers to models with updated firmware that addresses this vulnerability once patches become available. 6) Educate IT staff and users about the risks and signs of router instability that may indicate exploitation. 7) Employ network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) with signatures for buffer overflow attempts targeting D-Link devices. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, monitoring, and network architecture adjustments tailored to the specific vulnerability and device.