CVE-2025-61837 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Adobe Format Plugins versions 1.1.1 and earlier. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of memory buffers when processing certain file formats, leading to a condition where an attacker can overwrite heap memory. Successful exploitation enables arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user, potentially allowing attackers to execute malicious payloads, escalate privileges, or disrupt system operations. The attack vector requires user interaction, specifically opening a maliciously crafted file that triggers the overflow. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects a high severity, with the vector metrics indicating local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No known public exploits have been reported yet, but the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a significant risk once weaponized. The lack of available patches at the time of reporting necessitates proactive mitigation strategies. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-122, which is a common weakness related to heap-based buffer overflows, often exploited to achieve code execution or system compromise.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the widespread use of Adobe products in business, government, and critical infrastructure sectors. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access, data breaches, disruption of services, and potential lateral movement within networks. Confidentiality is at risk as attackers could exfiltrate sensitive data; integrity could be compromised by unauthorized modification of files or system settings; availability could be affected through system crashes or denial of service. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver the malicious files, increasing the threat surface. Organizations with high volumes of file exchange, such as financial institutions, healthcare providers, and public administrations, are particularly vulnerable. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for defense, but the high severity score indicates that rapid exploitation is plausible once exploit code becomes available.

Immediate mitigation should focus on minimizing exposure to malicious files by implementing strict email and file filtering policies to block suspicious attachments and links. Organizations should educate users about the risks of opening files from untrusted sources and employ robust phishing awareness training. Application whitelisting can prevent unauthorized execution of malicious code. Sandboxing or running Adobe Format Plugins in isolated environments can limit the impact of exploitation. Network segmentation can reduce lateral movement if a system is compromised. Monitoring for unusual application behavior or crashes related to Adobe plugins can provide early detection. Since no patches are currently available, organizations should maintain close communication with Adobe for updates and apply patches promptly once released. Additionally, employing endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of detecting heap overflow exploitation techniques can enhance defense-in-depth.