CVE-2025-61839 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability classified under CWE-125 affecting Adobe Format Plugins version 1.1.1 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the plugin parses a crafted file that causes it to read memory beyond the allocated buffer, potentially exposing sensitive data or enabling memory corruption. The flaw can be leveraged by an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user, thereby compromising system confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the victim opening a maliciously crafted file, which could be delivered via email, web downloads, or removable media. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8, reflecting high severity due to its impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no required privileges. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild, the potential for code execution makes this a significant threat. Adobe has not yet released patches, so organizations must rely on interim mitigations. The vulnerability affects a widely used Adobe component, increasing the attack surface across various industries that rely on Adobe software for document handling and processing.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a serious risk as it can lead to unauthorized code execution, data leakage, and system compromise. Sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and legal services, which heavily depend on Adobe products for document management, are particularly vulnerable. Exploitation could result in data breaches involving sensitive personal or corporate information, disruption of business operations, and potential regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to unauthorized data access. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns could effectively exploit this vulnerability. Additionally, compromised endpoints could serve as entry points for lateral movement within networks, escalating the overall impact. The absence of patches increases exposure duration, necessitating proactive defense measures.

Organizations should immediately implement strict email and web filtering to block suspicious or unexpected file types associated with Adobe Format Plugins. User awareness training should emphasize the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected files, especially from unknown sources. Deploy application whitelisting and sandboxing technologies to isolate Adobe applications and limit the impact of potential exploitation. Monitor endpoint behavior for anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unusual memory access patterns or process injections. Until official patches are released, consider disabling or restricting the use of Adobe Format Plugins where feasible. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential compromises. Engage with Adobe’s security advisories to apply patches promptly once available.