CVE-2025-62179 identifies a critical SQL Injection vulnerability in the WeGIA web management platform developed by LabRedesCefetRJ, targeting institutions primarily serving Portuguese language users. The vulnerability is located in the /html/funcionario/cadastro_funcionario_pessoa_existente.php endpoint, specifically within the 'cpf' parameter, which is improperly sanitized or neutralized before being incorporated into SQL commands. This improper neutralization (CWE-89) allows attackers to inject malicious SQL code, potentially enabling them to read, modify, or delete sensitive data within the backend database. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network without user interaction but requires the attacker to have high privileges (PR:H), indicating that exploitation is possible only by authenticated users with elevated rights. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates no user interaction (UI:N), no privileges required for network access (AV:N), but high privileges are necessary for exploitation, and the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H). The vulnerability affects all versions prior to 3.5.1, which contains the fix. No public exploits are currently known, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a significant risk for data breaches, unauthorized data manipulation, and potential denial of service through database corruption or deletion. The vulnerability's presence in a web management system used by institutions means that sensitive institutional data, including personal information, could be compromised if exploited.

For European organizations, especially those operating in Portuguese-speaking communities or using WeGIA for institutional management, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive personal and institutional data, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Data integrity could be compromised, leading to corrupted records or fraudulent data entries, which can disrupt institutional operations and decision-making. Availability of the system could be affected if attackers delete or corrupt database contents, causing service outages and operational downtime. The requirement for high privileges to exploit the vulnerability suggests that insider threats or compromised privileged accounts are the primary risk vectors. However, once exploited, the attacker gains significant control over the database, potentially enabling lateral movement within the network. The lack of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not diminish the urgency of patching, as the vulnerability is straightforward to exploit given the improper input sanitization. European institutions must consider the reputational damage and compliance risks associated with such a breach.

Immediate upgrade of WeGIA installations to version 3.5.1 or later is the primary and most effective mitigation step. Organizations should audit existing deployments to identify affected versions and prioritize patching. Implement strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in any custom code interfacing with the database to prevent SQL Injection. Enforce the principle of least privilege by restricting high-privilege accounts and monitoring their activity closely for anomalous behavior. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting the vulnerable endpoint. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on input validation weaknesses. Enable detailed logging and real-time monitoring of database queries to detect suspicious or unauthorized commands. Train administrators and developers on secure coding practices and the risks of SQL Injection. Finally, maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any exploitation attempts or breaches.