CVE-2025-62404 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the TP-Link Archer AX53 v1.0 router series, specifically within the tmpserver modules responsible for handling certain network packets. The flaw arises when the device processes a specially crafted network packet whose length exceeds the maximum expected value, leading to a heap overflow. This can cause a segmentation fault, resulting in denial of service, or potentially allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the device. The vulnerability requires the attacker to be authenticated and adjacent on the network, meaning they must have some level of privileged access and be on the same local network segment as the device. The affected firmware versions include all up to 1.3.1 Build 20241120. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates attack vector as adjacent network (AV:A), high attack complexity (AC:H), no user interaction (UI:N), and high privileges required (PR:H). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high, as successful exploitation could lead to full device compromise. No public exploits or patches are currently available, increasing the urgency for defensive measures. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-122, a common weakness related to heap-based buffer overflows, which are often exploitable for remote code execution. Given the router’s widespread use in home and small business environments, exploitation could lead to network disruption or unauthorized access to internal networks.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, particularly for small and medium enterprises or home office setups relying on the TP-Link Archer AX53 router. Successful exploitation could result in denial of service, disrupting internet connectivity and business operations. More critically, arbitrary code execution could allow attackers to implant persistent malware, intercept or manipulate network traffic, and pivot to other internal systems, compromising confidentiality and integrity. The requirement for authenticated adjacent access limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, as attackers could gain initial footholds through phishing or insider threats. The lack of patches increases exposure time. Organizations in Europe with high usage of TP-Link devices, especially in sectors with sensitive data or critical infrastructure, could face operational and reputational damage. Additionally, disruption of network services could impact compliance with GDPR and other regulatory frameworks.

1. Immediately restrict access to the router’s management interfaces to trusted personnel and networks only, using strong authentication and network segmentation. 2. Disable any unnecessary services or interfaces on the device to reduce attack surface. 3. Monitor network traffic for anomalous packets that exceed expected lengths or originate from unauthorized sources, employing intrusion detection systems tailored to detect buffer overflow attempts. 4. Implement strict network access controls to prevent unauthorized adjacent access, including VLAN segmentation and firewall rules. 5. Regularly audit device firmware versions and configurations to ensure compliance with security policies. 6. Engage with TP-Link support channels to obtain updates on patch availability and apply firmware updates promptly once released. 7. Educate users about the risks of credential compromise that could enable authenticated access. 8. Consider deploying network-level protections such as anomaly detection and endpoint security solutions to detect and respond to exploitation attempts. 9. Maintain backups of router configurations and network settings to enable rapid recovery in case of compromise.