CVE-2025-62462 is a buffer over-read vulnerability classified under CWE-126, found in the Windows Projected File System (ProjFS) component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The vulnerability arises when the system improperly handles memory buffers during file projection operations, allowing an authorized local attacker to read beyond the intended buffer boundaries. This memory mismanagement can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information or corruption of memory, which attackers can leverage to escalate privileges on the affected system. The vulnerability requires the attacker to have legitimate local access (low privileges) but does not require user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8 (high), reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and privileges required. No public exploits or patches are currently available, indicating a zero-day status. The flaw affects only Windows 10 Version 1809, an older and now out-of-support version, but many organizations still operate legacy systems for compatibility reasons. Exploitation could allow attackers to gain SYSTEM-level privileges, enabling full control over the compromised machine, potentially leading to lateral movement, data exfiltration, or disruption of services.

For European organizations, especially those in critical infrastructure, government, finance, and healthcare sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Many enterprises still run Windows 10 Version 1809 due to legacy application dependencies or delayed upgrade cycles. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass local security controls, gain elevated privileges, and execute arbitrary code with SYSTEM rights. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of business operations, and potential spread of malware or ransomware within networks. The lack of available patches increases exposure time, and the absence of required user interaction makes automated or stealthy attacks feasible. Organizations with strict regulatory requirements around data protection (e.g., GDPR) could face compliance issues and reputational damage if breaches occur due to this vulnerability.

1. Immediate upgrade or migration from Windows 10 Version 1809 to a supported and patched Windows version is the most effective mitigation. 2. Restrict local access to systems running this version by enforcing strict access controls, including limiting administrative privileges and using network segmentation to isolate legacy systems. 3. Implement application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual activity related to the Projected File System or privilege escalation attempts. 4. Regularly audit and review user accounts and permissions to minimize the number of users with local access. 5. Employ robust logging and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. If upgrading is not immediately possible, consider disabling or restricting the use of the Projected File System feature where feasible. 7. Stay informed on vendor advisories for patch releases and apply updates promptly once available.