CVE-2025-62779 identifies a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Frappe Learning Management System (LMS) versions 2.39.1 and earlier. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of user-supplied input during web page generation, specifically in the Job Form where users can submit HTML content without adequate sanitization. This flaw corresponds to CWE-79, indicating that malicious HTML or JavaScript can be injected and executed in the context of other users' browsers. The vulnerability requires low privileges (PR:L) and user interaction (UI:P), meaning an attacker must have some authenticated access to submit malicious input and lure victims to interact with the crafted content. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:U) reflects network attack vector, low attack complexity, no authentication required for exploitation beyond low privileges, and no impact on confidentiality, integrity, or availability. No known exploits are reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could allow attackers to perform actions such as session hijacking, defacement, or phishing by injecting malicious scripts that execute in victim browsers. The root cause is insufficient input validation and output encoding in the affected form fields, which should be addressed by implementing proper sanitization and context-aware encoding.

For European organizations using Frappe LMS, especially educational institutions and training providers, this vulnerability could lead to targeted phishing attacks or session hijacking through malicious script injection. Although the direct impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is minimal, the exploitation could undermine user trust and lead to credential theft or unauthorized actions within the LMS environment. Public-facing LMS deployments are at higher risk since attackers can lure users to interact with malicious content. The low CVSS score indicates limited technical impact, but the reputational damage and potential compliance issues with data protection regulations like GDPR could be significant if user data is compromised. Organizations relying on Frappe LMS for critical training or certification processes should prioritize remediation to maintain security posture and user confidence.

To mitigate CVE-2025-62779, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data fields, particularly the Job Form inputs in Frappe LMS. Employ context-aware sanitization libraries that neutralize HTML and JavaScript content before rendering. Restrict the types of input allowed in form fields to exclude HTML tags unless explicitly required and safely handled. Monitor and audit LMS logs for unusual input patterns or repeated submission attempts. Educate users about the risks of interacting with suspicious links or content within the LMS. If possible, isolate LMS instances behind web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block XSS payloads. Stay updated with vendor advisories and apply patches promptly once available. Additionally, consider implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers.