CVE-2025-62779 identifies a Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability classified under CWE-79 in the Frappe Learning System (LMS), specifically affecting versions 2.39.1 and earlier. The vulnerability occurs due to improper neutralization of user-supplied input during web page generation within the Job Form component. This flaw allows authenticated users with low privileges to inject arbitrary HTML content into input fields, which is then rendered without adequate sanitization. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely without requiring elevated privileges but does require some user interaction, such as submitting crafted input through the Job Form. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 1.2, reflecting low impact primarily because the vulnerability does not directly compromise confidentiality, integrity, or availability of the system but could enable UI redressing or session hijacking attacks if combined with social engineering. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches are currently linked, indicating that remediation may be pending. The flaw stems from insufficient input validation and output encoding, which are fundamental security controls to prevent XSS. Organizations using Frappe LMS should be aware that this vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to execute malicious scripts in the context of other users’ browsers, potentially leading to phishing or session theft. The vulnerability’s scope is limited to the Job Form input fields, and the attack surface is constrained by the need for user interaction and low privileges.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-62779 is relatively limited but non-negligible. Educational institutions, training providers, and enterprises using Frappe LMS for content structuring and learning management could face risks of targeted attacks exploiting this XSS vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to session hijacking, unauthorized actions performed on behalf of users, or delivery of malicious payloads via the LMS interface. While direct data breach or system compromise is unlikely, the vulnerability could be a stepping stone in multi-stage attacks or social engineering campaigns. The low CVSS score and absence of known exploits reduce immediate risk, but organizations should consider the potential reputational damage and user trust erosion if attackers leverage this flaw. The impact is more pronounced in environments where LMS users have access to sensitive information or administrative functions. Additionally, regulatory requirements such as GDPR emphasize protecting user data and preventing unauthorized access, making even low-severity vulnerabilities relevant for compliance.

To mitigate CVE-2025-62779, organizations should prioritize upgrading Frappe LMS to a version where the vulnerability is patched once available. In the absence of an official patch, immediate steps include implementing strict input validation on the Job Form fields to reject or sanitize HTML tags and scripts. Employing robust output encoding techniques before rendering user input in the web interface can prevent script execution. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting the Job Form. Additionally, educating users about phishing and social engineering risks can reduce the effectiveness of attacks leveraging this XSS. Regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on input handling should be conducted to identify similar issues. Monitoring LMS logs for unusual input patterns or user behavior may help detect exploitation attempts early. Finally, restricting LMS user privileges to the minimum necessary reduces the potential impact of any successful attack.