CVE-2025-63402 is a vulnerability identified in HCL Technologies Limited's HCLTech GRAGON software prior to version 7.6.0. The issue arises because the APIs exposed by the software do not enforce limits on the number or size of incoming requests. This lack of throttling or input validation can be exploited by a remote attacker who has high-level privileges to execute arbitrary code on the affected system. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-770, which involves the allocation of resources without proper limits or throttling, potentially leading to resource exhaustion or exploitation of buffer handling mechanisms. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, indicating a medium severity level, with the vector showing network attack vector (AV:N), high attack complexity (AC:H), requiring high privileges (PR:H), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), low confidentiality impact (C:L), high integrity impact (I:H), and low availability impact (A:L). The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require the attacker to have authenticated high-level privileges, which limits the attack surface. No public exploits or patches are currently available, but the vulnerability's nature suggests that attackers could leverage it to execute arbitrary code, potentially compromising system integrity and partially affecting confidentiality and availability. The absence of patch links indicates that organizations must monitor vendor updates closely. This vulnerability is particularly concerning for environments where HCLTech GRAGON is used to manage critical workflows or sensitive data, as arbitrary code execution could lead to unauthorized modifications or data breaches.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-63402 could be significant depending on the deployment scale of HCLTech GRAGON. The ability for a remote attacker with high privileges to execute arbitrary code threatens the integrity of systems, potentially allowing unauthorized changes to critical business processes or data. Confidentiality impact is low but not negligible, as some data exposure could occur during exploitation. Availability impact is limited but could manifest if resource exhaustion or instability occurs due to unregulated API requests. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, manufacturing, and critical infrastructure that rely on HCLTech GRAGON for automation or workflow management could face operational disruptions or compliance violations if exploited. The requirement for high privileges reduces the likelihood of widespread exploitation but raises concerns about insider threats or compromised administrative accounts. European entities must consider the risk of lateral movement within networks if this vulnerability is exploited, potentially leading to broader compromise. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for remediation, but the medium severity score underscores the need for timely action to prevent escalation.

1. Implement strict API request rate limiting and size restrictions at the network or application layer to prevent abuse of the vulnerable APIs. 2. Enforce the principle of least privilege rigorously to minimize the number of users with high-level privileges capable of exploiting this vulnerability. 3. Monitor API usage logs for unusual patterns such as excessive request sizes or frequencies that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Deploy network segmentation to isolate systems running HCLTech GRAGON, limiting potential lateral movement if compromised. 5. Apply virtual patching or Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block anomalous API requests until official patches are released. 6. Conduct regular privilege audits and strengthen authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication for administrative accounts. 7. Stay informed on vendor advisories and apply official patches promptly once available. 8. Perform penetration testing focusing on API endpoints to identify and remediate similar weaknesses proactively. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on controlling API request parameters, privilege management, and proactive monitoring tailored to the vulnerability's characteristics.