The vulnerability CVE-2025-63451 affects Car-Booking-System-PHP version 1.0, specifically the /carlux/sign-in.php script, which is vulnerable to SQL Injection attacks. SQL Injection occurs when untrusted input is improperly sanitized and directly concatenated into SQL queries, allowing attackers to alter the intended query logic. In this case, the sign-in page likely accepts user credentials or parameters that are not securely handled, enabling an attacker to inject SQL code. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to bypass authentication, extract sensitive user data such as credentials or personal information, modify or delete records, or escalate privileges within the system. The vulnerability is critical because sign-in pages are typically publicly accessible and a primary target for attackers seeking unauthorized access. Although no CVSS score or known exploits are currently documented, the nature of SQL Injection vulnerabilities is well understood and frequently exploited. The absence of patches or mitigations in the provided data indicates that organizations using this software must act proactively. The lack of specific affected versions beyond v1.0 suggests that the vulnerability might be present in all deployments of this version. The vulnerability undermines confidentiality and integrity, and potentially availability if attackers manipulate or delete data. The attack does not require prior authentication, increasing its risk profile. Given the software's domain in car booking, the data involved may include personally identifiable information (PII), booking details, and payment information, increasing the potential impact of a breach.

For European organizations, exploitation of this SQL Injection vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive customer and operational data, including personal information and booking records. This could result in data breaches violating GDPR regulations, leading to significant legal and financial penalties. The integrity of booking data could be compromised, causing operational disruptions, loss of customer trust, and potential financial fraud. If attackers gain administrative access, they could manipulate system configurations or disrupt services, impacting availability. Organizations relying on this software for fleet or customer management in the transportation sector may face reputational damage and operational downtime. The impact is particularly severe for companies handling large volumes of personal data or payment information. Additionally, the lack of known exploits does not preclude the possibility of future attacks, especially as the vulnerability is publicly disclosed. European companies must consider the risk of targeted attacks given the strategic importance of transportation and mobility services in the region.

Organizations should immediately audit the /carlux/sign-in.php code to identify and remediate the SQL Injection vulnerability. This includes refactoring the code to use prepared statements or parameterized queries to safely handle user inputs. Input validation and sanitization should be enforced on all user-supplied data, especially on authentication endpoints. If possible, apply web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL Injection detection rules as a temporary protective measure. Conduct thorough penetration testing and code reviews to ensure no other injection points exist. Monitor logs for suspicious activity related to sign-in attempts or unusual database queries. If vendor patches become available, prioritize their deployment. Additionally, implement strict access controls and segmentation to limit the impact of a potential breach. Educate developers on secure coding practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities in future releases. Finally, ensure compliance with GDPR by preparing incident response plans for potential data breaches.