CVE-2025-63737 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Xinhu Rainrock RockOA 2.7.0 application, specifically within the urltestAction function located in the cliAction.php file. The vulnerability arises because the application fails to properly sanitize or encode user-supplied input passed through the 'm' parameter in HTTP requests to the task.php endpoint. This allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary JavaScript or HTML code, which is then executed in the context of the victim's browser when they access the affected page. The lack of authentication requirements means any remote attacker can exploit this flaw without needing valid credentials. The vulnerability could be leveraged to perform session hijacking, steal cookies, conduct phishing attacks, or manipulate the user interface to mislead users. Although no public exploits or patches are currently available, the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and assigned a CVE identifier, indicating it is recognized and should be addressed promptly. The absence of a CVSS score limits precise severity quantification, but the nature of XSS vulnerabilities and the attack vector suggest a significant risk. The vulnerability affects version 2.7.0 of RockOA, a web-based office automation platform used in various organizational environments. The attack vector involves crafting malicious URLs that include the payload in the 'm' parameter, which when accessed by users, triggers the malicious script execution. This can compromise user data confidentiality and integrity and potentially impact availability if used to inject disruptive scripts.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to confidentiality and integrity of user sessions and data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, session hijacking, and distribution of malware or phishing content through trusted interfaces. Organizations relying on RockOA 2.7.0 for internal communications or workflow management may experience operational disruptions and reputational damage if attackers leverage this flaw. The vulnerability's ease of exploitation without authentication increases the attack surface, especially for organizations with externally accessible RockOA instances. Given the potential for widespread impact on user trust and data security, European entities using this software must prioritize remediation. Additionally, sectors with stringent data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government, could face regulatory consequences if exploited. The lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers may develop exploits following public disclosure.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement strict input validation and output encoding on the 'm' parameter within the task.php endpoint to neutralize malicious scripts. Web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting this parameter. Restricting access to the task.php endpoint to trusted internal networks or via VPN can reduce exposure. Monitoring web logs for unusual or repeated requests containing script tags or suspicious characters in the 'm' parameter can help detect exploitation attempts. Organizations should engage with the vendor or community to obtain patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. In the interim, consider disabling or restricting the vulnerable functionality if feasible. User awareness training on recognizing phishing or suspicious links can reduce the impact of successful XSS attacks. Finally, conducting regular security assessments and penetration tests on RockOA deployments will help identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities proactively.