CVE-2025-63740 identifies an SQL Injection vulnerability in the Xinhu Rainrock RockOA 2.7.0 platform, specifically in the getselectdataAjax function located in the inputAction.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization of the actstr parameter, which is used in database queries without adequate input validation or parameterization. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely, enabling them to extract sensitive data such as administrator usernames, password hashes, database schema details, and potentially other critical information stored within the backend database. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command), a common and dangerous web application security issue. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 4.3, reflecting a medium severity primarily because the attack vector is network-based and requires no privileges or user interaction, but the impact on confidentiality is limited to data disclosure without direct integrity or availability impact. No patches or known exploits are currently available, which means organizations must rely on defensive measures until an official fix is released. The vulnerability could be leveraged for reconnaissance or as a stepping stone for further attacks if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations.

For European organizations, the exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive corporate data, including administrator credentials and password hashes, which could facilitate further compromise of internal systems. The exposure of database structure information can aid attackers in crafting more effective attacks, potentially escalating to privilege escalation or data manipulation if combined with other vulnerabilities. Organizations handling sensitive or regulated data (e.g., personal data under GDPR) face increased compliance risks and potential financial penalties if such data is leaked. The medium CVSS score suggests the vulnerability is not trivially exploitable for full system takeover but still represents a significant confidentiality risk. Given the lack of patches, organizations using RockOA 2.7.0 must consider the risk of targeted attacks, especially in sectors where RockOA is deployed for internal communications and workflow management. The impact is heightened in environments where administrator credentials are reused or weakly protected.

1. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all parameters, especially the actstr parameter in getselectdataAjax, to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. 2. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to eliminate direct concatenation of user input into SQL commands. 3. Deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) configured to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting RockOA endpoints. 4. Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing focusing on database interaction points within RockOA. 5. Monitor database logs and application logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed access attempts indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. 7. Until an official patch is released, consider isolating or limiting access to the affected RockOA instances, especially from untrusted networks. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability to ensure rapid detection and response to any suspicious activity.