CVE-2025-6406 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the Campcodes Online Hospital Management System, specifically within the /hms/forgot-password.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'fullname' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL queries. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), meaning the attacker can potentially read, modify, or delete some data but not necessarily full control or complete data exposure. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, categorized as medium severity. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects a critical healthcare management system, which typically handles sensitive patient data and hospital operational information, making it a high-value target for attackers aiming to disrupt healthcare services or steal confidential data. The lack of patches or mitigations currently available increases the urgency for affected organizations to implement protective measures.

For European organizations, particularly hospitals and healthcare providers using the Campcodes Online Hospital Management System version 1.0, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive patient records, including personal health information, which is protected under GDPR and other privacy regulations. Data integrity could be compromised, potentially affecting patient care decisions and hospital operations. Availability impacts could disrupt hospital workflows, including password recovery processes, potentially locking out legitimate users or causing denial of service. The reputational damage and regulatory penalties resulting from data breaches or service disruptions could be severe. Given the critical nature of healthcare services, any disruption or data compromise could have direct consequences on patient safety and trust. Furthermore, the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the attack surface, making it easier for threat actors to target multiple institutions across Europe without needing insider access.

1. Immediate application of input validation and parameterized queries in the /hms/forgot-password.php script to sanitize the 'fullname' parameter and prevent SQL injection. 2. If vendor patches are unavailable, implement Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the vulnerable endpoint. 3. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on input handling in all user-facing forms, especially password recovery mechanisms. 4. Monitor logs for unusual database query patterns or repeated failed password recovery attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. 6. Isolate the hospital management system network segment and enforce strict access controls to reduce exposure. 7. Educate IT and security staff about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios for SQL injection attacks. 8. Regularly back up critical data and verify restoration procedures to mitigate data loss risks. 9. Engage with the vendor for timely updates or patches and subscribe to vulnerability advisories for future alerts.