CVE-2025-64119 is an authentication bypass vulnerability classified under CWE-603, discovered in Nuvation Energy's Battery Management System (BMS) up to version 2.3.9. The vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to bypass authentication mechanisms entirely, granting unauthorized access to the BMS without requiring any privileges or user interaction. The BMS is a critical component responsible for monitoring and controlling battery packs, often used in energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and industrial applications. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3 reflects the vulnerability's critical nature, with network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact metrics indicate high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts (VC:H, VI:H, VA:H), meaning an attacker could manipulate battery management data, disrupt operations, or cause physical damage by controlling charging and discharging processes. The vulnerability does not require supply chain compromise or physical access, making remote exploitation feasible. No patches or exploits are currently reported, but the severity demands immediate attention. The vulnerability was reserved in late 2025 and published in early 2026, highlighting its recent discovery. Given the critical role of BMS in energy infrastructure, exploitation could lead to cascading failures in power systems or safety hazards.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-64119 is significant due to the widespread adoption of battery management systems in renewable energy storage, electric vehicle infrastructure, and industrial power backup solutions. Unauthorized access to the BMS could allow attackers to alter battery charge levels, disable safety features, or cause battery degradation and failures, potentially leading to power outages, equipment damage, or safety incidents such as fires or explosions. This could disrupt critical infrastructure, manufacturing processes, and energy supply chains, especially in countries aggressively pursuing green energy transitions. The confidentiality breach could expose sensitive operational data, while integrity and availability impacts could halt operations or cause physical harm. The lack of authentication requirements and ease of exploitation increase the threat level. European energy grids and industrial sectors relying on Nuvation BMS are at risk of targeted attacks or opportunistic exploitation, which could have national security and economic consequences.

1. Immediate network segmentation: Isolate the Nuvation BMS devices from general enterprise networks and restrict access to trusted management stations only. 2. Implement strict firewall rules and access control lists (ACLs) to limit inbound connections to the BMS interfaces. 3. Deploy continuous monitoring and anomaly detection systems to identify unusual access patterns or commands targeting the BMS. 4. Prepare incident response playbooks specific to battery management system compromise scenarios, including rapid isolation and forensic analysis. 5. Engage with Nuvation Energy for timely patch releases and apply updates as soon as they become available. 6. Conduct security audits and penetration testing focused on BMS deployments to identify other potential weaknesses. 7. Educate operational technology (OT) personnel on the risks and signs of exploitation related to authentication bypass vulnerabilities. 8. Consider deploying multi-factor authentication or additional authentication layers at network gateways if supported by the BMS environment. 9. Maintain offline backups of critical BMS configurations and operational data to enable recovery in case of compromise.