VulnerabilityPublished 26 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-64128: Zenitel TCIV-3+ · OS Command Injection

Affects Zenitel TCIV-3+Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 10.0 Critical.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

10.0Critical

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 2.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 83% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: High
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: High: There is a total loss of integrity, or a complete loss of protection. For example, the attacker is able to modify any/all files protected by the impacted component. Alternatively, only some files can be modified, but malicious modification would present a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 26 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Zenitel TCIV-3+	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediately isolate Zenitel TCIV-3+ devices from untrusted networks to reduce exposure.
Monitor network traffic for unusual command execution patterns or unexpected connections originating from these devices.
Apply vendor patches or firmware updates as soon as they become available; maintain close communication with Zenitel for updates.
Implement strict input validation and filtering at network boundaries to prevent injection of malicious commands.
Employ network segmentation to separate critical communication devices from general IT infrastructure.
Use intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect command injection attempts targeting these devices.
Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on intercom and communication systems.
Develop and rehearse incident response plans specific to communication system compromises.
Restrict physical and remote access to the devices to authorized personnel only.
Educate staff on the risks and signs of exploitation related to these devices.

Description

CVE-2025-64128 is a critical OS command injection vulnerability in the Zenitel TCIV-3+ intercom system. It arises from insufficient validation of user input, allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary OS commands. The vulnerability has a maximum CVSS score of 10.0, indicating it can fully compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability without requiring authentication or user interaction. No known public exploits exist yet. This flaw could enable attackers to take full control of affected devices, disrupt communications, or pivot into internal networks. European organizations using Zenitel TCIV-3+ devices, especially in critical infrastructure or public safety sectors, face significant risk. Immediate mitigation involves isolating affected devices, applying vendor patches once available, and implementing strict network segmentation and input filtering. Countries with high deployments of Zenitel products and critical infrastructure reliance, such as Germany, France, and the UK, are most likely to be targeted.

Impact

The impact of CVE-2025-64128 on European organizations is severe. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability and the widespread use of Zenitel TCIV-3+ in communication systems, exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, full device compromise, and disruption of critical communication channels. This could affect public safety, emergency response, industrial control systems, and enterprise security operations. Confidential information could be exfiltrated, and attackers could use compromised devices as footholds for lateral movement within networks. The lack of authentication requirement and ease of exploitation increase the risk of rapid and widespread attacks. Disruption or manipulation of intercom and communication systems could have cascading effects on operational continuity and safety in sectors such as transportation, healthcare, and government facilities across Europe.

Summary

CVE-2025-64128 is an OS command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-78 found in the Zenitel TCIV-3+ intercom system. The root cause is incomplete validation of user-supplied input, which fails to enforce adequate formatting rules, allowing attackers to append arbitrary data to commands executed by the system. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely by unauthenticated attackers, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), meaning no privileges or user interaction are required. The vulnerability affects all versions of the product (noted as version 0, likely meaning all current versions). Successful exploitation results in complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H), enabling attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands, potentially leading to full device takeover, data theft, or service disruption. The vulnerability was reserved on 2025-10-27 and published on 2025-11-26. No public exploits are known at this time, but the critical severity and ease of exploitation make it a high-priority issue. Zenitel TCIV-3+ devices are commonly used in communication and security systems, often in industrial, public safety, and critical infrastructure environments, increasing the potential impact of this vulnerability.

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #9OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Architecture and Design · Operation · Sandbox or Jail
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
Architecture and Design · Attack Surface Reduction
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention in Java (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection Defense (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.5 (opens in a new tab)
V5.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Command Line Execution through SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
Command Delimiters (opens in a new tab)
Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers (opens in a new tab)
Argument Injection (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 3 Dec 2025, 18:57 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-78

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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