Threats Tagged 'cwe-78'

A security vulnerability (CVE-2026-19243) exists in HKUDS nanobot versions up to 0.2.1 in the Shell Allowlist Handler component. The flaw allows remote OS command injection via improper validation of shell commands in the ExecTool._guard_command and ExecTool._spawn functions. The issue is addressed by upgrading to version 0.3.0, which validates each executable shell segment against a configured allowlist. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 6.3 (medium severity).

Ruby LSP is an implementation of the language server protocol for Ruby. Several workspace-level settings in the Ruby LSP VS Code extension prior to version 0.10.4 could override the path to the Ruby executable, the version manager executables, or the Bundler `Gemfile` used at startup. A malicious repository containing a `.vscode/settings.json` could set these values to attacker-controlled targets. Opening and trusting the repository would then execute code with the privileges of the developer. The Ruby LSP gem and clients of the language server in other editors are not affected. Version 0.10.4 of the Ruby LSP VS Code extension fixes the issue.

NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 execute privileged system commands using `sudo` and `shell=True` directly inside application logic. In environments where passwordless sudo (`NOPASSWD`) is enabled, privileged commands may execute silently without explicit user confirmation. Version 2.0.0 fixes the issue.

NexTor IP Changer is a command-line tool that leverages the Tor network to periodically rotate a user's IP address. Versions prior to 2.0.0 have a command execution vulnerability due to unsafe use of `shell=True` with commands that rely on executable resolution through the `PATH` environment variable. An attacker controlling the execution environment can place malicious executables such as sudo earlier in the `PATH`, resulting in execution of attacker-controlled code. Version 2.0.0 fixes the issue.

A flaw was found in dracut. The die() error-handling function writes its message into a shell script under the initramfs emergency-hook directory without properly shell-quoting it. When the message contains data derived from the DHCP ROOT_PATH option, an attacker on the adjacent network who controls a rogue DHCP server can inject a command-substitution sequence that executes as root the next time dracut sources its emergency hook scripts during standard boot-failure handling.

PHP_CodeSniffer tokenizes PHP files and detects violations of a defined set of coding standards. Prior to versions 3.13.6 and 4.0.2, PHP_CodeSniffer contains a command injection vulnerability in the code that generates the Gitblame, Hgblame, and Svnblame report formats. As a result, running PHP_CodeSniffer over untrusted files, for example in a continuous integration pipeline that scans pull requests, or on a developer machine reviewing third party code, could result in attacker controlled shell commands being executed when the Gitblame, Hgblame, or Svnblame report processes a file whose name contains shell metacharacters. Users using the default Full report, or any of the other non-blame reports, are not affected. Users on a runtime platform which does not allow filenames to contain shell metacharacters, such as " and ;, are not affected. This issue is fixed in versions 3.13.6 and 4.0.2.

sysPass's FileBackupService::doBackupFiles() in lib/SP/Services/Backup/FileBackupService.php around line 388 builds a tar shell command by string-concatenating the backup directory path $this->path directly into the command line ('tar czf ' . $backupFileApp . ' ' . BASE_PATH . ' --exclude \"' . $this->path . '\" 2>&1') and passes the result to PHP's exec() with no application of escapeshellarg() and no validation of the path against a safe character set. The $this->path value is read from the sysPass configuration, which is persisted in the database and writable through the admin settings API and the admin UI. An administrator (or an attacker who has obtained an admin API token or admin session) can therefore store a backup path containing shell metacharacters and trigger a backup operation to execute arbitrary OS commands as the web server process user (typically www-data or apache). Because sysPass is a password manager whose sole purpose is to hold credentials for other systems, code execution as the web-server user permits reading sysPass's master password and encryption key from memory or configuration files, decrypting every stored credential in the database, exporting the entire password vault, pivoting to internal systems using the disclosed credentials, and installing persistent backdoors on the password-manager host.

Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000 contains a high severity vulnerability in the new_qoslimit_stop function within /tmp/qoslimittc_stop.sh. This vulnerability allows remote attackers with high privileges to perform OS command injection via manipulation of the wan_iface argument. The vulnerability is publicly disclosed and may be exploited. The project has been superseded by FreshTomato.

A command injection vulnerability exists in Shibby Tomato 1.28.0000 within the new_qoslimit_start function of /etc/qoslimit. This flaw allows remote attackers with high privileges to execute arbitrary OS commands by manipulating the new_qoslimit_enable argument. The vulnerability has a high severity score of 7.2 and public exploit code is available. The project has been superseded by FreshTomato.

Dell Virtual Storage Integrator for VMware vSphere Client, versions prior to 10.11.1.0, contain(s) an OS Command Injection vulnerability in the IAPI component. A remote unauthenticated attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the execution of arbitrary OS commands on the application's underlying operating system with root privileges. Exploitation may lead to a complete system takeover by an attacker. This vulnerability is considered critical as it allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution as root, potentially compromising the entire VSI deployment and underlying infrastructure. Dell recommends customers to upgrade at the earliest opportunity.