CVE-2025-6485 is a security vulnerability identified in the TOTOLINK A3002R router, specifically version 1.1.1-B20200824.0128. The flaw exists in the formWlSiteSurvey function within the /boafrm/formWlSiteSurvey file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'wlanif' argument, which allows an attacker to perform OS command injection. This means that an attacker can craft malicious input to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the device remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network, increasing its risk profile. Although the CVSS v4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), the exploitability is straightforward due to low attack complexity and no need for privileges or user interaction. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but non-negligible, as an attacker could potentially execute commands that disrupt device operation or pivot into internal networks. No patches or official fixes have been published yet, and while no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects a specific firmware version of the TOTOLINK A3002R, a consumer-grade wireless router commonly used in home and small office environments.

For European organizations, the primary impact of this vulnerability lies in the potential compromise of network perimeter devices, especially in small offices or home office setups where TOTOLINK A3002R routers are deployed. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the router, leading to network disruption, interception or redirection of traffic, or use of the device as a foothold for further attacks within the internal network. This could result in loss of availability of network services, potential data interception, or lateral movement to more critical systems. While large enterprises may not widely deploy this specific router model, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and remote workers relying on this device could be at risk. The vulnerability could also be leveraged in botnet recruitment or distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, indirectly impacting organizational operations. Given the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements, automated exploitation attempts could increase, especially following public disclosure. The medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, but the ease of exploitation and remote attack vector warrant proactive mitigation.

1. Immediate mitigation should include isolating affected TOTOLINK A3002R devices from critical network segments to limit potential impact. 2. Network administrators should monitor network traffic for unusual activity originating from or targeting these routers, including unexpected outbound connections or command execution patterns. 3. If possible, disable the vulnerable formWlSiteSurvey functionality or restrict access to the management interface to trusted IP addresses only, using firewall rules or access control lists. 4. Regularly audit and inventory network devices to identify any TOTOLINK A3002R routers running the affected firmware version. 5. Until an official patch is released, consider replacing affected devices with alternative models or vendors that do not have this vulnerability. 6. Employ network segmentation and implement strict egress filtering to prevent compromised routers from being used as pivot points. 7. Educate users and IT staff about the risks associated with this device and encourage prompt reporting of unusual network behavior. 8. Stay updated with vendor advisories for any forthcoming patches or firmware updates addressing this issue.