CVE-2025-65512VulnerabilityPublished 10 Dec 2025Updated 11 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-65512: markdownify-mcp · n/a

Affects markdownify-mcpSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.5% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 44% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 10 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
npmmarkdownify-mcp`pkg:npm/markdownify-mcp`Other threats	Affected <=0.0.2	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-65512, European organizations should take several specific actions beyond generic SSRF defenses: 1) Immediately audit all instances of markdownify-mcp usage, especially versions 0.0.2 and earlier, and restrict or disable the webpage-to-markdown conversion feature if possible until patched. 2) Implement strict outbound request filtering on servers running markdownify-mcp, limiting HTTP requests to only trusted external domains and blocking private IP ranges at the network or application firewall level. 3) Enforce robust hostname validation and avoid following HTTP redirects blindly during URL fetching to prevent redirect chain bypasses. 4) Monitor logs for unusual internal network access patterns originating from markdownify-mcp processes or related services. 5) Employ network segmentation and zero-trust principles to minimize the impact of any SSRF exploitation by isolating sensitive internal services. 6) Engage with the markdownify-mcp maintainers or community to track patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. 7) Consider deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with SSRF detection capabilities to block suspicious requests. 8) Educate developers and security teams about SSRF risks and secure coding practices related to URL fetching and content processing.

Description

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was discovered in the webpage-to-markdown conversion feature of markdownify-mcp v0.0.2 and before. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass private IP restrictions through hostname-based bypass and HTTP redirect chains, enabling access to internal network services.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-65512 can be significant, especially for those using markdownify-mcp in web applications or internal tooling that processes external URLs. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal network services, potentially exposing sensitive information such as configuration data, internal APIs, or administrative interfaces. This can facilitate further lateral movement or data exfiltration within the network. The confidentiality breach risk is high, although integrity and availability are not directly impacted by this vulnerability. Organizations with strict network segmentation and private IP restrictions may have a false sense of security, as this SSRF bypass undermines those controls. The vulnerability could also be leveraged as a stepping stone for more complex attacks, including privilege escalation or supply chain compromises if internal services are accessed. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive defense, but the ease of exploitation and lack of required authentication increase urgency. European sectors with critical infrastructure, finance, healthcare, and government services are particularly at risk due to the sensitivity of their internal networks and the potential impact of data exposure.

CWE-918Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessCWE Top 25 (2025): #22OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The web server receives a URL or similar request from an upstream component and retrieves the contents of this URL, but it does not sufficiently ensure that the request is being sent to the expected destination.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Server Side Request Forgery Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards (opens in a new tab)
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.6.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.2.6 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Server Side Request Forgery (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 17 Dec 2025, 22:10 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-918

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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