CVE-2025-65512 is a Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability identified in the markdownify-mcp package, specifically in its webpage-to-markdown conversion functionality. SSRF vulnerabilities occur when an attacker can manipulate a server to make HTTP requests to arbitrary domains or IP addresses, often bypassing network access controls. In this case, the vulnerability allows attackers to circumvent private IP restrictions that are intended to prevent access to internal network services. The bypass is achieved through a combination of hostname-based evasion techniques and leveraging HTTP redirect chains, which confuse or circumvent the filtering mechanisms. This means an attacker can potentially reach internal services such as databases, admin interfaces, or other sensitive endpoints that are not exposed externally. The vulnerability affects version 0.0.2 and earlier of markdownify-mcp, a package used to convert web pages into markdown format, which may be integrated into various web applications or services. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and no patches or fixes have been published, indicating that users must rely on mitigation strategies until an official update is available. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the nature of SSRF vulnerabilities and the ability to bypass private IP restrictions make this a significant threat vector. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability could gain unauthorized access to internal network resources, potentially leading to data exfiltration, lateral movement within networks, or disruption of internal services. The vulnerability highlights the importance of strict input validation, proper network segmentation, and monitoring of outbound requests from web applications.

For European organizations, this SSRF vulnerability poses a critical risk to the confidentiality and integrity of internal network services. Many enterprises and public sector entities in Europe rely on internal web applications that may incorporate markdownify-mcp or similar packages for content processing. Exploitation could allow attackers to pivot from a compromised web application to internal systems, bypassing perimeter defenses. This could lead to unauthorized data access, disruption of critical services, or further compromise of enterprise networks. Given the strict data protection regulations in Europe, such as GDPR, any breach exposing personal or sensitive data could result in significant legal and financial consequences. Additionally, sectors with high-value internal infrastructure, such as finance, healthcare, and government, could face operational disruptions or espionage risks. The lack of an available patch increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls. The threat is amplified in environments where network segmentation is weak or where internal services are insufficiently protected against unauthorized access. Overall, the vulnerability could facilitate sophisticated attacks targeting European organizations’ internal networks, potentially impacting availability and confidentiality of critical systems.

1. Immediately audit all applications and services using markdownify-mcp, especially versions 0.0.2 and earlier, to identify potential exposure. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all URLs or hostnames processed by the markdownify-mcp conversion feature to prevent malicious request injection. 3. Enforce network segmentation and firewall rules that restrict outbound HTTP requests from web servers to only trusted external endpoints, blocking access to internal IP ranges. 4. Monitor and log all outbound HTTP requests from web applications to detect unusual or unauthorized internal network access attempts. 5. Use web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SSRF attack patterns, including suspicious redirect chains and hostname anomalies. 6. If possible, isolate the markdownify-mcp processing environment in a sandbox or container with limited network access to reduce the attack surface. 7. Stay updated on vendor advisories and apply patches or updates as soon as they become available. 8. Conduct regular penetration testing and security assessments focusing on SSRF and internal network access controls. 9. Educate developers and security teams about SSRF risks and secure coding practices related to URL handling and HTTP requests. 10. Consider implementing internal service authentication and authorization mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access even if SSRF occurs.