CVE-2025-65581 identifies an open redirect vulnerability within the Account module of the Volosoft ABP Framework, specifically affecting versions from 5.1.0 up to, but not including, 10.0.0-rc.2. The root cause is the insufficient validation of the returnUrl parameter in the registration function, which is intended to redirect users after registration. Attackers can manipulate this parameter to redirect users to arbitrary external domains, potentially leading to phishing attacks or redirecting users to malicious sites. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-601 (Open Redirect) and has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3, reflecting medium severity. The vector indicates that the attack can be performed remotely over the network (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and affects the availability slightly (A:L) but does not impact confidentiality or integrity. Although no public exploits have been reported, the vulnerability poses a risk by enabling attackers to craft URLs that appear legitimate but redirect victims to harmful destinations. The ABP Framework is a popular open-source application framework used to build modular web applications, and this vulnerability could affect any web application built on the affected versions if the returnUrl parameter is not properly sanitized. The lack of patch links suggests that fixes may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the importance of interim mitigations.

For European organizations, the primary impact of this vulnerability lies in the potential facilitation of phishing and social engineering attacks. By exploiting the open redirect, attackers can craft URLs that appear to originate from trusted corporate domains but redirect users to malicious websites designed to steal credentials or deliver malware. This can undermine user trust, lead to credential compromise, and potentially facilitate further attacks such as account takeover or lateral movement within networks. Although the vulnerability does not directly compromise system confidentiality or integrity, the indirect consequences can be significant. Organizations in sectors with high user interaction, such as financial services, e-commerce, and public services, are particularly at risk. Additionally, the availability impact is low but could be leveraged in denial-of-service scenarios if combined with other vulnerabilities. Given the widespread use of the ABP Framework in enterprise applications, the risk is amplified in countries with strong software development ecosystems and digital transformation initiatives.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement strict validation and sanitization of the returnUrl parameter to ensure it only allows redirection to trusted internal URLs. This can be achieved by maintaining a whitelist of allowed domains or paths and rejecting or ignoring any redirect requests to external or untrusted domains. If patch updates become available from Volosoft, organizations should prioritize applying them promptly. In the absence of official patches, developers should consider overriding or customizing the registration function to enforce secure redirect logic. Additionally, organizations should educate users about the risks of clicking on suspicious links, especially those that involve redirects, and implement web filtering solutions to block known malicious domains. Monitoring web application logs for unusual redirect patterns can also help detect exploitation attempts early. Finally, integrating Content Security Policy (CSP) headers and other web security best practices can reduce the attack surface.