CVE-2025-65581 identifies an open redirect vulnerability within the Account module of the Volosoft ABP Framework, specifically affecting versions 5.1.0 through to before 10.0.0-rc.2. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of the returnUrl parameter used in the registration function, which is intended to redirect users after completing registration. Due to improper validation, an attacker can craft a malicious URL that redirects users to arbitrary external domains once they complete registration or interact with the affected endpoint. Open redirect vulnerabilities are commonly exploited in phishing and social engineering attacks, where users are lured into clicking seemingly legitimate links that redirect them to malicious websites designed to steal credentials or deliver malware. While this vulnerability does not directly compromise system confidentiality or integrity, it undermines user trust and can be a stepping stone for more complex attacks. The ABP Framework is a popular open-source application framework used to build modular web applications, and the affected versions cover a broad range of releases, indicating a wide potential attack surface. No public exploits have been reported yet, and no CVSS score has been assigned. The vulnerability requires no authentication to exploit and does not require user interaction beyond clicking a crafted link, increasing its risk profile. However, the impact is limited to redirecting users, not executing code or accessing sensitive data directly. The lack of a patch link suggests that remediation may require manual validation or upgrading to a fixed version once available.

For European organizations, this vulnerability primarily threatens user trust and the security posture of web applications built on the ABP Framework. Attackers could exploit the open redirect to conduct phishing campaigns targeting employees or customers, potentially leading to credential theft, malware infections, or fraud. This could result in reputational damage, financial losses, and regulatory scrutiny under GDPR if personal data is compromised following a successful phishing attack. The vulnerability does not directly expose internal systems or data but facilitates indirect attacks that can escalate into more severe breaches. Organizations relying on the affected framework versions for customer-facing portals, internal tools, or SaaS offerings are at risk. The impact is more pronounced in sectors with high user interaction such as finance, healthcare, and e-commerce. Additionally, the open redirect could be chained with other vulnerabilities or social engineering tactics to increase attack effectiveness. Given the widespread use of the ABP Framework in Europe, especially in countries with strong software development ecosystems, the threat is relevant and warrants prompt mitigation.

To mitigate CVE-2025-65581, organizations should implement strict validation of the returnUrl parameter to ensure it only allows redirects to internal or trusted domains. This can be achieved by maintaining a whitelist of allowed URLs or by enforcing relative URL paths rather than absolute URLs. Developers should update the ABP Framework to the latest patched version once available, or apply custom patches that sanitize and validate redirect parameters. Additionally, security teams should monitor web application logs for suspicious redirect attempts and educate users about the risks of clicking unexpected links. Implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers can help reduce the impact of redirection-based attacks. Organizations should also conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on open redirect and other input validation vulnerabilities. Where possible, multi-factor authentication (MFA) should be enforced to reduce the risk of credential compromise resulting from phishing. Finally, incident response plans should include procedures for handling phishing incidents stemming from such vulnerabilities.