CVE-2025-65591VulnerabilityPublished 16 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-65591: nopcommerce · n/a

Affects nopcommerceSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.4 Medium.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

5.4Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 14% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 16 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
NuGetnopcommerce/nopcommerce`pkg:nuget/nopcommerce/nopcommerce`Other threats	Affected =4.90.0	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

1. Monitor official nopCommerce channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-65591 and apply them promptly once released. 2. Implement strict input validation and output encoding in the Currencies functionality to sanitize user inputs and prevent script injection. 3. Deploy Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers. 4. Use Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block common XSS attack patterns targeting the affected module. 5. Conduct security awareness training to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks that could facilitate exploitation. 6. Review user privilege assignments to minimize the number of users with access to currency management features. 7. Perform regular security testing, including automated scanning and manual code reviews, focusing on input handling in the affected components.

Description

CVE-2025-65591 is a medium severity Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability affecting nopCommerce version 4.90.0 via its Currencies functionality. The vulnerability allows an authenticated user with low privileges to inject malicious scripts that can execute in the context of other users, potentially leading to data theft or session hijacking. Exploitation requires user interaction and privileges, but no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality and integrity but not availability. European organizations using nopCommerce 4.90.0 for e-commerce operations should prioritize patching or mitigating this issue to prevent targeted attacks. Countries with significant e-commerce sectors and nopCommerce adoption, such as Germany, the UK, France, and the Netherlands, are most likely to be affected.

Impact

For European organizations, especially those operating e-commerce websites using nopCommerce 4.90.0, this vulnerability can lead to unauthorized access to user sessions, theft of sensitive information such as payment details, and potential manipulation of currency settings that could affect transaction integrity. The confidentiality and integrity of customer data are at risk, which could result in reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR, and financial losses. Since the vulnerability requires authentication and user interaction, insider threats or social engineering attacks could be leveraged to exploit it. The lack of availability impact means service disruption is unlikely, but the compromise of user trust and data security remains significant. Given the widespread use of nopCommerce in European SMEs and online retailers, the threat could affect a broad range of sectors including retail, finance, and hospitality.

Summary

CVE-2025-65591 identifies a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in nopCommerce version 4.90.0, specifically within the Currencies functionality. XSS vulnerabilities occur when an application does not properly sanitize user-supplied input, allowing attackers to inject malicious scripts that execute in other users' browsers. In this case, the vulnerability requires an attacker to have low-level privileges (PR:L) and user interaction (UI:R), meaning the attacker must be authenticated and trick a user into triggering the malicious payload. The CVSS vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and a scope change (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent (C:L/I:L), but does not affect availability (A:N). While no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability poses a risk to e-commerce platforms using nopCommerce 4.90.0, as attackers could steal session tokens, manipulate user data, or perform actions on behalf of other users. The absence of a patch link suggests that a fix may not yet be publicly available, emphasizing the need for immediate mitigation strategies. The CWE-79 classification confirms this is a classic reflected or stored XSS issue. Organizations should review their input validation and output encoding practices in the Currencies module and consider deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block malicious payloads.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 23 Dec 2025, 19:34 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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