CVE-2025-6565 is a critical stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Netgear WNCE3001 wireless network adapter, specifically version 1.0.0.50. The flaw resides in the HTTP POST Request Handler component, particularly within the function http_d, which processes incoming HTTP requests. The vulnerability is triggered by the manipulation of the 'Host' argument in the HTTP request. By crafting a malicious HTTP POST request with a specially designed Host header, an attacker can overflow the stack buffer, potentially overwriting the return address or other control data on the stack. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to execute code remotely without requiring user interaction or authentication. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network, making it a significant risk for exposed devices. Although no public exploits have been observed in the wild yet, the exploit code has been disclosed publicly, increasing the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7 (high severity), reflecting the vulnerability's ease of exploitation (network attack vector, no privileges or user interaction required) and its impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high). The scope is unchanged, indicating the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without extending to other system components. The Netgear WNCE3001 is a USB wireless adapter commonly used to add Wi-Fi capabilities to desktop or laptop systems. Given the nature of the vulnerability, attackers could leverage this flaw to gain control over affected devices, potentially using them as footholds for lateral movement or to exfiltrate sensitive data.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be substantial, especially for those relying on Netgear WNCE3001 adapters in their IT infrastructure or by employees using these devices. Successful exploitation could lead to full compromise of affected endpoints, resulting in unauthorized access to internal networks, data breaches, or disruption of services. This is particularly critical for sectors with stringent data protection requirements such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions. The ability to remotely execute code without authentication or user interaction increases the risk of automated attacks and worm-like propagation within corporate networks. Additionally, compromised devices could be leveraged as entry points for further attacks, including ransomware deployment or espionage. The lack of a patch at the time of disclosure exacerbates the risk, necessitating immediate mitigation measures to prevent exploitation. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces may face increased exposure if employees use vulnerable adapters outside the corporate perimeter.

1. Immediate Inventory and Identification: Conduct a thorough inventory of all network adapters in use, specifically identifying any Netgear WNCE3001 devices running firmware version 1.0.0.50. 2. Network Segmentation: Isolate devices using the vulnerable adapter on separate network segments with strict access controls to limit potential lateral movement if compromised. 3. Disable or Replace: Where feasible, disable the use of the WNCE3001 adapter or replace it with alternative wireless adapters that are not affected by this vulnerability. 4. Firewall and IDS/IPS Rules: Implement network-level filtering to block or monitor suspicious HTTP POST requests targeting the device’s management interface, focusing on anomalous Host header values. 5. Vendor Communication: Engage with Netgear for official patches or firmware updates and apply them promptly once available. 6. Endpoint Protection: Enhance endpoint detection and response (EDR) capabilities to detect exploitation attempts or unusual behavior indicative of compromise. 7. User Awareness: Educate users about the risks of using outdated or unsupported hardware and encourage reporting of unusual device behavior. 8. Monitor Public Exploit Releases: Stay vigilant for any emerging exploit code or attack campaigns leveraging this vulnerability to adjust defenses accordingly.