CVE-2025-67847 is a critical vulnerability identified in the Moodle learning management system, specifically in versions 4.1.0 through 5.1.0. The flaw resides in the restore interface, where insufficient validation of input data allows an attacker with access to this interface to inject and execute arbitrary code on the server. The vulnerability stems from the core restore routines misinterpreting crafted input, leading to server-side code execution. This type of code injection can result in complete compromise of the Moodle application, including unauthorized data access, modification, and potential pivoting to other systems within the network. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. Although exploitation requires some level of privilege (access to the restore interface), this is often granted to trusted users such as administrators or course managers, increasing the risk. No public exploits have been reported yet, but the severity and ease of exploitation make it a critical concern. The vulnerability highlights the importance of rigorous input validation in web applications, especially those handling complex operations like course restoration. Organizations using affected Moodle versions should prioritize patching once updates are released and consider interim controls to limit exposure.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions and enterprises relying on Moodle for e-learning and training, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive educational data, including student records, grades, and personal information, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Full compromise of the Moodle server could disrupt learning services, causing operational downtime and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could leverage the compromised Moodle server as a foothold to move laterally within the organization's network, potentially accessing other critical systems. The impact extends beyond confidentiality to integrity and availability, as attackers could alter course content or delete data, undermining trust in the platform. Given Moodle's widespread adoption across Europe, the threat could affect a large number of institutions, amplifying the potential for widespread disruption and regulatory consequences.

1. Immediately restrict access to the Moodle restore interface to only the most trusted and necessary personnel, using network segmentation and strict access controls. 2. Monitor logs and audit restore operations for unusual or unauthorized activity to detect potential exploitation attempts early. 3. Apply official patches or updates from Moodle as soon as they become available to remediate the vulnerability. 4. Implement web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious restore interface requests. 5. Conduct regular security assessments and code reviews focusing on input validation in critical application components. 6. Educate administrators and course managers about the risks associated with the restore interface and enforce strong authentication mechanisms. 7. Consider isolating Moodle servers in dedicated environments with limited network access to reduce lateral movement risk. 8. Backup Moodle data regularly and verify backup integrity to enable recovery in case of compromise.